A Study on the Maternal and Foetal Outcome of Twin Pregnancy

Background: Compared to singleton pregnancies, twin pregnancies are associated to a significantly higher rate of morbidity and mortality. Clinicians should be better equipped to manage twin pregnancies if they are aware of the mother’s characteristics related to twin gestations and have access to diagnostic techniques like ultrasound. Aim of this study to evaluate maternal and foetal outcomes in women with twin pregnancies. Methods: The present study was conducted in the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Darbhanga Medical College and Hospital, Laheriasarai, Bihar from the period August 2023 to July 2024. Maternal and foetal outcome in 50 cases of twin and 50 cases of singleton pregnancies each were studied. Results: 50 were twin deliveries, giving an incidence of 14 per 1000 births or 1.4:100 deliveries. Six among 50 twins resulted following ovulation induction. Women with twin gestation had a mean maternal age of 24.7±3.71, same for the singleton mothers was 24.26±3.7years; mean gestational age at delivery for twins and singletons were 35.38±2.6 and 38.63±1.19 weeks; mean birth weight for twins and singletons were 2.193kgs and 2.85±0.46kgs, mean parity were 2.04± 1.0 and 1.72±0.7 respectively. Parity, gestational age, NICU stay characteristics showed p value < 0.05. Compared with singletons, women with twin gestations had a positive risk association with odds >1 for anaemia, preeclampsia, preterm labour, malpresentation and caesarean delivery. Twin Neonates suffered prematurity, low birth weight, congenital anomaly, prolonged NICU care and increased perinatal death. Neonatal risk was more among monochorionic twins than dichorionic twins. There were 3 cases with single fetal demise, and both fetuses IUD in another case, (total IUDs-5), one twin was still born, two had early neonatal death and there were two late neonatal (>7 Days) deaths. One twin mother threw fits on the 6th postpartum day. Another mother received 20 units of blood and component replacement and subtotal hysterectomy for PPH. Conclusion: Multiple pregnancy bears additional hazards both for the mother and the baby. Though these hazards are partly preventable, difficulty in timely recognition of multiple pregnancy at an early date is a main obstacle. Once diagnosed proper antenatal care with increased rest and nutritional supplement together with thorough intranatal and postnatal vigilance has much to its credit in lowering both maternal and foetal dangers.