KEY ISSUES IN COMPARATIVE LINGUISTICS

Comparative linguistics (CL) is a scientific field focused on studying the similarities and differences between languages, examining grammatical, semantic, phonetic, and socio-cultural aspects. This field is particularly significant in addressing issues related to translation, language teaching, and linguistic interference. In the translation process, it is crucial to consider the unique characteristics of each language and its cultural differences. Semantic nuances, polysemy (multiple meanings of words), and culture-specific meanings, as well as the social and cultural codes of language, are key issues in comparative linguistics. Differences in grammar, morphology, and syntax also present challenges when translating between languages and teaching languages. Additionally, interference in first and second language acquisition, that is, the influence of one language on another, is an important topic of study. This paper analyzes the main issues of comparative linguistics and its significance in language learning, translation, and understanding languages within their cultural contexts.