Herbal Drugs for The Treatment of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) And Its Complications

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder affecting women of reproductive age, characterized by irregular menstrual cycles, hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovaries. It is a leading cause of ovulatory infertility, with a global prevalence ranging from 4% to 21%, and up to 36% in adolescents. PCOS is often associated with metabolic disturbances, including insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia, which contribute to an increased risk of metabolic syndrome. Obesity, affecting about 50% of women with PCOS, worsens these metabolic issues. The condition is marked by hormonal imbalances, such as elevated androgens and altered gonadotropin ratios, leading to anovulation and hyperandrogenism. Genetic studies suggest an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern, while psychological factors like mood disorders are also common. Dysregulation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis may further impact reproductive function. The exact cause of PCOS remains unclear, though epigenetic, environmental, and behavioral factors are believed to contribute to its development.