RESULTS OF HISTOLOGICAL EXAMINATION OF PATIENTS WHO UNDERWENT SURGICAL TREATMENT FOR A RUPTURE OF THE LONG HEAD TENDON OF THE BICEPS BRACHII

The long tendon of the biceps brachii plays a crucial role in the functional state of the arm, and accompanying inflammatory or degenerative-destructive processes in the joint are significant in its ruptures. Determining which process is active in patients allows for the application of appropriate treatment. Objective: To identify histopathological changes in the tendon structure in patients with ruptures of the long head of the biceps tendon. The article describes histomorphological changes in the tendon tissue of 20 male patients with an average age of 58 who underwent surgery for long head of the biceps tendon rupture at the clinic of the Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics from 2022 to 2024. Eight patients in the first group underwent tendon fixation under arthroscopic control, while 12 patients in the second group underwent traditional subpectoral and suprapectoral fixation. Results were evaluated using the Constant-Murley Scale and R.K. Gupta methodology. Tendon tissue was histologically examined using standard Hematoxylin and Eosin, as well as Trichrome and Alcian blue stains. The condition of the tendon tissue was assessed using the Bonar scale. Patients in both groups showed a relative decrease in pain and an increase in range of motion after surgical treatment. At 6 and 12-months follow-up, 16 patients showed excellent results and 4 showed good results. Histological analysis of the tendon using the Bonar scale revealed predominantly chronic degenerative changes, characterized by high rates of myxoid degeneration (an increase in the volume of ground substance) and alterations in collagen fibers. Histopathological examination of ruptured long head of the biceps tendon revealed changes characteristic of tendinosis rather than tendinitis. In the postoperative period, all patients demonstrated good to excellent outcomes.