Fauna and ecology of various agro-cenozoic phytonematodes distributed in the regions of the Republic of Karakalpakistan

This article will study the fauna and ecology of phytonematodes, which are harmful to various crops grown in agriculture in the Republic of Karakolpagestan, considered an important region of Uzbekistan. In particular, according to the State Statistics Committee, in 2023 alone, more than 317,400 tons of grain crops, more than 35,000 tons of legumes, 94,700 tons of tomatoes, 53,200 tons of cucumbers, 96,000 tons of potatoes, and more than 183,500 tons of melons for food products were grown in the Republic of Karakolpagistan. The Republic of Karakalpakstan is characterized by its unique climate and soil conditions, and various crops are grown, however, despite the fact that the region is increasingly threatened by phytonematodes in agriculture. These microscopic worms damage plant roots, cause a number of symptoms ranging from slow growth to wilting of the plant's body, and consequently significantly lose yield. Therefore, scientific research on the relationship of phytonematodes to plants is important, as they provides detailed information about the fauna and individual species of phytonematodes. The main purpose of the study is to study and analyze the fauna and ecology of various agro-cainozoic phytonematodes distributed on the territory of the Republic of Karakalpakstan. Analysis of the distribution characteristics of phytonematodes in the root of the plant and the soil around it is determined to determine the types and distribution patterns of nematodes.