Shifting Patterns in Varicella-Zoster Virus Infection: Epidemiological Insights and Clinical Relevance

Abstract: Background:Varicella (chickenpox), caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), is a highly contagious viral disease that predominantly affects children but can also result in significant complications in adults, pregnant women, and immunocompromised individuals.This study explores the clinical presentation, systemic involvement, transmission knowledge, seasonal patterns, and the role of traditional and Siddha medicinal practices in managing chickenpox, while examining public perception through a structured questionnaire-based approach. Methods:A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using a pre-validated questionnaire distributed among 201 participants from various socio-economic backgrounds, primarily in rural and semi-urban regions. The questionnaire assessed symptomatology, transmission awareness, climate-related beliefs, and traditional treatment practices, including both home remedies and Siddha-based approaches. Responses were analyzed to identify trends and knowledge gaps. Results:Among the respondents, 81.1% experienced musculoskeletal symptoms, 87.1% reported respiratory symptoms, 81.6% had ocular manifestations, and 74.6% experienced upper gastrointestinal disturbances. The findings suggest that chickenpox impacts multiple organ systems beyond dermatological involvement. Awareness of direct transmission routes was high, but indirect modes were less recognized. A significant number of participants linked outbreaks to cooler seasons and expressed concern about climate change increasing disease frequency. Traditional treatments such as neem leaf applications, turmeric paste, and cooling diets were commonly reported. Siddha practices, including the use of Karisalai Podi, Nilavembu Kudineer, and various herbal churnams, were widely acknowledged for their symptomatic relief and immune-supportive properties.