A Prospective Observational Study To Assess The Knowledge, Attitude And Perception Of Mothers On Child Immunization Programme In Mangalore

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a serious pregnancy-related illness marked by continuously elevated blood sugar levels. GDM is characterized by insulin resistance, poor glucose tolerance, and pancreatic β cell malfunction, resulting in inadequate insulin production to control glucose levels. Obesity, advanced age, and a genetic predisposition to GDM are all risk factors. GDM consequences may include gestational hypertension, birth difficulties, and preeclampsia. It also raises the risk of long-term problems such obesity, poor glucose metabolism, cardiovascular disease, and macrosomia. Both the mother and the infant are at risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) later in life. GDM affects approximately 16.5% of pregnancies worldwide, with around 18 million births occurring each year, and this number is expected to rise due to the increasing prevalence of obesity. The growing incidence of GDM also poses a significant economic burden, emphasizing the importance of early detection as a risk factor for T2DM and cardiovascular disease. It is crucial to identify the long-term complications for both the mother and child, and investigate the underlying causes of GDM. While there are various treatment strategies available, including medication and lifestyle changes, there is currently no standardized approach for diagnosing, treating, or preventing GDM. Therefore, it is essential to develop strategies to optimize GDM management, reduce associated morbidity and complications, and minimize the economic impact. GDM provides a unique opportunity to enhance clinical care by providing an updated summary of its incidence, prevalence, epidemiology, risk factors, complication, diagnosis and management.