Microorganisms and heavy metals presence in the soil of central Albania and their impact on food crops

This scientific paper details the presence of heavy metals and microorganisms (primarily bacteria) in the subsurface layers of Tirana, the capital city of Albania, which is in the middle of the country. We can infer some significant conclusions from the data if bacteria and heavy metals are present in sufficient amounts to be regarded as variables contributing to soil pollution. This study's primary goal was to illustrate the potential link between soil contamination caused by chemicals and microorganisms and the resulting harm to the general public's health. To accomplish this goal, six soil samples collected in June 2024 at a depth of 0.5 m were used. We call attention to the fact that Tirana has been linked over time to considerable air pollution caused by heavy metals and microorganisms. Through statistical analysis of the data, we were able to derive conclusions about the chemical components that might be responsible for soil contamination. In summary, we discover that the soil has been chemically contaminated by nickel, which is present in an amount that is roughly 2.2 times higher than what the EU Regulatory Acts have set as acceptable. This is predicated on a qualitative examination of the outcomes in relation to the EU's permitted pollution levels. We think that the primary causes of Tirana's soil pollution are farmers' overuse of chemical and organic fertilizers, the relevant municipal authorities' poor handling of wastewater, and the disrespectful actions of heavy and light industries operating within the city.