Government-to-Stakeholder Interactions in Digital Education Governance: Insights from Indonesia

This study analyzes the interaction between the government and stakeholders in digital education governance in Indonesia using a qualitative research design. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 20 stakeholders, including government officials, academics, and representatives from the EdTech industry. Semi-structured interviews were chosen for their flexibility, allowing participants to express their views in depth while also enabling the researcher to explore emerging themes relevant to digital education governance. Thematic analysis was employed to systematically identify, analyze, and report patterns within the data, facilitating a nuanced understanding of stakeholder experiences and perspectives. The findings reveal that digital education policies in Indonesia remain predominantly top-down, limiting stakeholder participation and resulting in inconsistencies in technology integration. Key challenges identified include infrastructure disparities, limited digital literacy among educators, trust in education data, and insufficient data security regulations. Indonesia still faces significant implementation barriers compared to global best practices in digital education. This study recommends enhancing stakeholder engagement, investing in equitable digital infrastructure, improving data governance, and standardizing digital learning platforms to create a more inclusive and evidence-based digital education ecosystem.