The Effect of Alcohol on Carotid Artery Parameters in Rumuekini Dwellers

Alcohol consumption is a recognized risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension. However, its specific effects on carotid vessels have not been extensively studied. Understanding these effects is crucial for gaining insights into the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, particularly in regions with high alcohol consumption like Nigeria. Methods A cross-sectional study, conducted in Rumuekini, Nigeria, involving forty-seven male (mean age 34.49 ± 17.25 years). Participants were categorized into mild, moderate, and excessive drinkers of alcohol. Data on blood pressures, body mass index, and carotid artery parameters were collected. Statistical analysis was performed to compare these parameters between alcohol consumers and data from control group of non-consumers. Results The mean SBP and DBP for alcohol consumers were 128.10 ± 21.92 mmHg and 77.20 ± 14.87 mmHg. The average daily alcohol consumption was 74.24 ± 43.34 g/day. BMI was significantly lower in alcohol consumers (23.46 ± 2.82 kg/m²) compared to nonconsumers (p=0.014). Right carotid diameter was also significantly smaller in alcohol consumers (p=0.027). The analysis indicated that even mild alcohol consumption was associated with elevated blood pressure. Additionally, BMI across all alcohol consumption levels fell within the overweight range, highlighting potential weight-related health issues. Conclusion Excessive Alcohol consumption, is associated with elevated blood pressures and increased cardiovascular risks. Alcohol consumers exhibit a smaller right carotid diameter, indicating potential vascular narrowing. These changes suggest that alcohol impacts blood vessels differently from non-consumers, contributing to increased risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases, highlighting the need for targeted public health interventions.