Traditional Applications, Phytochemical Profiling and Advanced Pharmacological Properties of Plant Macaranga Peltata

Macaranga peltata (M. peltata) is a type of plant within the family Euphorbiaceae, and is known in Kannada as uppalige and chanda in Hindi. These plants are little bushes or trees that can grow as tall as 15 meters. These shrubs are very common in the Western Ghats of India. More than 350 species are included in the Macaranga genus. This genus is found in Africa, Australia, Asia, and the South Pacific Islands. The phytochemicals included in the plant, such as flavonoids, tannins, sucrose, steroid glycosides, saponins, proteins, and amino acids, play a significant role in its pharmacological effects. Ayurveda Unani, as well as other traditional medicine systems employs different parts of various plants like leaves, fruits, flowers, roots, or bark as a form of medicine. Plants extracts are capable of curing numerous diseases, such as wounds, hepatic issues, inflammation, and even microbial or bacterial infections both in India and other countries. Traditionally, the fruits of Macaranga peltata were thought to possess antibacterial properties, while the roots and bark were used for pole treatment, and the leaves were used to treat ulcers. The plant Macaranga peltata was tested to have antibacterial activity, anti-fungal activity, wound healing, anticancer activity, hepatoprotective activity, analgesic activity, antioxidant activity, and a cytotoxic activity when experimented on animal models. This review includes geographical distribution, phytochemical profile, traditional applications and advanced pharmacological uses of Macaranga peltata plant. Although it includes which part of plant and which chemical compound is used in the treatment of disease.