Environmental and Economic Trade-offs in Heat Transfer Fluids for Concentrated Solar Power: A Brief Review

This short communication examines the environmental and economic trade-offs associated with heat transfer fluids (HTFs) used in concentrated solar power (CSP) systems. We review recent literature on the life cycle impacts, cost considerations, and performance characteristics of common HTFs, including synthetic oils, molten salts, and emerging nanofluids. Our analysis reveals complex interactions between environmental benefits, economic viability, and technical performance, highlighting the need for a holistic approach in HTF selection for CSP applications.