Gamma Ray-Induced Mutational Studies in Pisum sativum

Abstract This study examines the influence of gamma radiation on growth and biochemical characteristics of Pisum sativum L. (variety A. KARTIK-F1). Seeds underwent gamma radiation exposure at doses of 5, 10, and 15 KR using Cobalt-60. Plant height, survival rate at maturity, and biochemical markers such as protein, carbohydrate, and chlorophyll levels were measured. Results showed a decline in seedling height as radiation dose increased. Control plants had the tallest seedlings (6.75 cm), while the shortest (4.93 cm) were observed at 15 KR. Plant survival peaked at 60% under 10 KR but dropped to 23.3% at 15 KR, compared to 30% in the control. Biochemical assessments demonstrated dose-dependent variations. Protein content was highest (460 µg/ml) at 5 KR and lowest (180 µg/ml) at 15 KR. Carbohydrate content was maximized (424 µg/ml) at 10 KR and minimized (180 µg/ml) at 15 KR. Chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-b, and total chlorophyll levels were highest at 10 KR (1.48, 0.90, and 2.38 µg/gm, respectively) and lowest at 5 KR. The findings highlight that moderate gamma radiation (10 KR) improves plant biochemical traits and survival, while excessive doses (15 KR) hinder growth. This supports mutation breeding as a strategy to enhance crop performance and resilience.