ENDOSCOPIC MANAGEMENT OF EPISTAXIS: CLINICAL EFFICACY AND OUTCOMES

The main objective of this research was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of endoscopic approaches in the management of both anterior and posterior epistaxis, and to compare outcomes with traditional methods. The primary objective of this study is to assess the clinical efficacy and safety of endoscopic techniques in the management of epistaxis, particularly in patients with recurrent or posterior nasal bleeding that is refractory to conventional treatment methods. This research aims to systematically evaluate the role of endoscopic intervention, such as endoscopic cauterization and sphenopalatine artery ligation (ESPAL), in achieving hemostasis, reducing recurrence rates, and minimizing complications.