Insulin Access and Therapeutic Approach in Colombia

Insulin is a hormone released by pancreatic β cells in response to high blood glucose levels and plays a crucial role in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. When insulin binds to the insulin receptor, multiple signaling pathways are activated, mediating its biological function. In metabolic diseases like diabetes mellitus, insulin secretion or function is impaired, leading to chronic hyperglycemia, which can often result in damage, failure, or dysfunction of various tissues or organs, and the development of both microvascular and macrovascular complications. There are two types of diabetes mellitus (DM): Type 1 DM, which is related to insulin deficiency due to the immune system's destruction of pancreatic β cells, and Type 2 DM, characterized by insulin resistance or a defect in hormone secretion. Insulin and its analogs are essential therapeutic elements for many patients with diabetes mellitus, acting through the stimulation of insulin receptors that facilitate glucose uptake by cells. Therefore, it is important to ensure proper adherence to treatment by understanding the insulin market in the country, the pharmacokinetic differences of available biologics, their recommended use, and the management of adverse reactions.