The Human Gut Microbiome: A Review on Its Role in Health, Disease, and Future Interventions

Numerous physiological systems are regulated, and health is maintained by the billions of bacteriathat make up the human gut microbiota. These microbial populations all impact the creation of vitalmetabolites such as vitamins and short-chain fatty acids, immune system regulation, and digestion. Recentstudies have brought attention to their effects on immune-related illnesses such as diabetes, obesity, andinflammatory bowel diseases, as well as metabolic disorders and mental health. The gut-brain axisemphasises even more how important the microbiome is for mental and emotional health. New treatmentapproaches, such as probiotics, prebiotics, and faecal microbiota transplantation, have become possible asthe complex relationships between the gut microbiota and host systems are better understood. Theimportance of gut microbiota to human health is reviewed in this study, which also looks at potentialpossibilities for microbiome-based therapies.