Ancistrocerus shibuyai

Ancistrocerus shibuyai (Yasumatsu, 1938), stat. restit. (Figs 1A, B, E, G, 2A, B, E, F) Odynerus shibuyai Yasumatsu, 1938 [March]: 83, ♀ ♂ (type locality: “ Osaka, Honshû ” [Japan]); holotype, ♂, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan. Ancistrocerus shibuyai: van der Vecht & Fischer 1972: 117. Ancistrocerus trifasciatus shibuyai: Giordani Soika 1986: 147; Yamane 1990: 104, figs 184, 193, 199, 203, 204, 215; Kurzenko 2004: 203; Kim & Yamane 2009: 41, figs 5A–F. Ancistrocerus trifasciatus var. moeschleri Blüthgen, 1938 [May]: 284, ♀ ♂ (type locality: “Klein Guja (Ostpreussen)” [Poland]); holotype, ♀, Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin, Germany. Available under Art. 45.6.4 of ICZN (1999). Syn. nov. Odynerus trifasciatus orientalis Kostylev, 1938: 305, ♀ ♂ (type locality: “ Jakovlevka, Ussuri ” [Russia, Primorskiy Territory]), nom. praeocc., nec O. orientalis Dalla Torre, 1889; lectotype (designated here), ♀, ZISP. Ancistrocerus trifasciatus kostylevi van der Vecht in van der Vecht & Fischer 1972: 117, replacement name for Odynerus trifasciatus orientalis (Kostylev, 1938), nec O. orientalis Dalla Torre, 1889; synonimized by Kurzenko 2004: 203. Ancistrocerus balticus Budrys & Orlovskytė in Budrys et al. 2023, Supplement 3: 1, ♀ ♂ (type locality: “ Lithuania, Alytus district, Punios šilas forest, 54°30ʹ48ʹʹN 24°02ʹ22ʹʹE”); holotype, ♀, Nature Research Centre, Vilnius, Lithuania. Syn. nov. Differential diagnosis. Females of this species can be distinguished from the closely related A. trifasciatus by S 2 in lateral view distinctly convex (Fig. 1E; vs. weakly convex to nearly flat in A. trifasciatus, Fig. 1F). Males can be distinguished by ventral lobe of the aedeagus apically rounded (Fig. 1G; vs. rather triangularly pointed in A. trifasciatus, Fig. 1H). An additional character is the coloration of the hind tibia: usually completely black in the female (Fig. 2A) (very rarely with small yellow spot, Fig. 2B) and completely black (Fig. 2E) to at least black dorsally (Fig. 2F) in the male. Other characters mentioned in the key by Budrys et al. (2023, Supplement 3) can be also applied but they are also variable and therefore less diagnostic. Remarks. The identity of Odynerus shibuyai is understood by us following Yamane (1990) and Kim & Yamane (2009); the holotype was not available for study. It is absent from the drawer with the type specimens of taxa described by K. Yasumatsu in the Kyushu University and may be deposited among unsorted material (Toshiharu Mita, personal communication). Ancistrocerus trifasciatus moeschleri was placed by van der Vecht & Fischer (1972) among synonyms of A. trifasciatus trifasciatus following Blüthgen (1961). The holotype of A. trifasciatus moeschleri was not available for our study; however, its diagnosis, particularly completely black mid and hind legs in the female (Blüthgen 1938), suggests that it is conspecific rather with A. shibuyai; therefore, we hereby recognize A. trifasciatus moeschleri as a synonym of A. shibuyai, and not as a synonym of A. trifasciatus. Budrys et al. (2023, Supplement 3: 6) supposed that A. trifasciatus moeschleri was a melanistic variety of A. trifasciatus; however, this is not so probable because there are no specific conditions (e.g., mountains with high elevation) in the type locality of A. trifasciatus moeschleri. Odynerus shibuyai, A. trifasciatus moeschleri, and O. trifasciatus orientalis were described in the same year. We do not know the exact date of publication for Kostylev’s (1938) paper but his name is anyway invalid due to the homonymy with O. orientalis Dalla Torre, 1889 (Art. 57.2 of ICZN 1999). Among two remaining names, Yasumatsu’s (1938) paper was published in March (dating from Pulawski 2024), while Blüthgen’s (1938) paper was published in May (dating from http://hbs.bishopmuseum.org/dating/sherbornia/konowia.html). Thus, the valid name for the species previously known as both A. trifasciatus shibuyai and A. balticus is A. shibuyai. Kostylev (1938: 305) indicated the type material of O. trifasciatus orientalis as follows: “Type: ♀ Jakovlevka, Ussuri, 10/IX 1926, Djakonov et Filipjev; ♂ —Jakovlevka, Ussuri, 21/VI 1926, Djakonov et Filipjev”. Therefore, it is unclear whether he designated the female only as the type (the holotype according to Art. 73.1.1 of ICZN 1999) or both specimens (syntypes according to Art. 73.2 of ICZN 1999). He also reported (Kostylev 1938: 302) that the type specimens of the taxa described in his paper were deposited in ZMMU; however, we failed to find corresponding specimens of O. trifasciatus orientalis in that collection but discovered them in ZISP. These two specimens correspond in full to Kostylev’s description; however, they were not properly labeled. The female specimen is designated here as the lectotype in accordance with Art. 74.7.3 of ICZN (1999), for the purpose of nomenclature stability and correct application of the name O. trifasciatus orientalis. Budrys et al. (2023: 15; Supplement 3: 6) also supposed that A. balticus could be considered a subspecies of A. shibuyai if further study will reveal their continuous trans-Palaearctic distribution and such a distribution is shown by the present data. We, however, do not support the idea to recognize subspecies in vespid wasps. As introduced by Nixon & Wheeler (1990) and later applied to vespids by various authors (e.g. Carpenter 1988; Tan et al. 2014; Hermes & de Oliveira 2016; Selis 2018; Fateryga et al. 2021; Selis & Carpenter 2023; Selis et al. 2024), the subspecific rank has no place in a taxonomic system based on phylogeny and therefore the numerous taxa considered as subspecies must be revised to ascertain their actual status, whether as simple synonyms or as distinct species. Material examined. LECTOTYPE Of ODYNERUS TRIFASCIATUS ORIENTALIS (DESIGNATED HERE): ♀, labeled “Яковлевка Спас. у. / Уссур. кр. [Yakovlevka, Spassk Uezd, Ussuriysk Territory] 10.IX 926 / ДЬЯконв ФилипЬев [leg. Dyakonov and Filipyev] // Пасека / Квашука [Kvashuk’s apiary] // Odynerus ♀ / trifasciatus F / G. Kostylev det. 1928 // Lectotype ♀ / Odynerus trifasciatus / orientalis Kostylev, 1938 / des. Fateryga, 2024 [red label]” [ZISP]. PARALECTOTYPE Of ODYNERUS TRIFASCIATUS ORIENTALIS: Same data as the lectotype but collected on 21. VI, 1 ♂ [ZISP]. ADDITIONAL MATERIAL: 294 ♀, 158 ♂. AUSTRIA: Hausbach bei Innerbreitenau. UKRAINE: Kiev. RUSSIA. EUROPEAN PART, NORTH-WEST. Saint Petersburg and Leningrad Province: Kolomäggi [Kolomyagi]; Saint Petersburg; Udelnaya Station; Zamanilovka. EUROPEAN PART, CENTRAL. Belgorod Province: Staryy Oskol. Moscow and Moscow Province: Kosino; Krylatskoye; Kuntsevo; Mytishchi; Ruza; Vicinity of Moscow. Nizhniy Novgorod Province: Ardatov District, Mukhtolovo; Arzamas District, vicinity of Staraya Pustyn; Balakhna District, Konevo; Bogorodsk District, Laksha; Borskoye District, vicinity of Elesino; Dzerzhinsk, Svyatoye Lake, 56.213°N, 43.3912°E; Kstovo District, vicinity of Vetchak; Kstovo, 50.178°N, 44.174°E; Lyskovo District, Krasnobobrovskoye Forestry; Lyskovo District, vicinity of Belozerikha; Navashino District, vicinity of Rodyakovo; Nizhniy Novgorod, car factory; Nizhniy Novgorod, Priokskiy District; Nizhniy Novgorod, Striginskiy Bor Park; Semenov District, vicinity of Khakhaly, 56.664°N, 44.658°E; Shakhunya District, Shakhunya; Sharanga District, Krasnaya Gorka; Sharanga District, vicinity of Tanayka; Sharanga District, Vtoryye Nikolayevskiye, 56°59.763′N, 46°30.420′E; Sosnovskoye District, vicinity of Bechikha, Kirkideyevo Lake, 55°42.121′N, 43°26.046′E; Tonkino District, Aleshino; Tonkino District, Tonkino; Volodarskiy District, vicinity of Reshetikha; Vyksa District, Vyksa; ibid., 55.319945°N, 42.213395°E. Ryazan Province: Dankov Uezd, [Miloslavskoye District] Gremyachka. Tula Province: Strakhovo. Tver Province: Bologoye. Yaroslavl Province: Berditsino; Yaroslavl. EUROPEAN PART, EAST. Chuvashia: Alatyr District, Bezdna River; Alatyr District, Prisurskiy Reserve; Yadrin District, 1 km SSE Nikitino. Mari El: Mari-Turek District, vicinity of Mariyetz, 56°30.866′N, 49°49.414′E; Novyy Toryal District, Novyy Toryal, 56°59.765′N, 48°43.700′E; Orshanka District, Ilinka, 56°47.695′N, 47°57.349′E; Orshanka District, vicinity of Norka, 56°58.633′N, 48°03.495′E. URALS. Bashkortostan: Shulgan-Tash Reserve, Kapov Cordon, Belaya River valley; Vicinity of Birsk. Orenburg Province: Vicinity of Orenburg. Perm Territory: Perm. WESTERN SIBERIA. Altai Republic: 15 km SW Artybash; 24 km NWW Aktash, Chuya River valley, 50°21′31″N, 87°16′15″E; Artybash, Teletskoye Lake; ibid., 51°49′N, 87°15′E, 443 m; Chulyshman River, right bank; Teletskoye Lake, Kyga River; Ulagan Valley, Kaltar-Ilen; Vicinity of Artybash; Yaylyu. Altai Territory: Barnaul, vicinity of Yuzhnyy; Vicinity of Barnaul. Kemerovo Province: 5–7 km upper Bolshoy Tesh River mouth, ~ 8 km NEE Kuzedeyevo; Krapivinskiy District, 8 km SSW Saltymakovo, 54°45′46″N, 87°01′27″E, 150 m; Novokuznetsk District, 7 km E Kuzedeyevo, 53°18′N, 87°19′E. Novosibirsk Province: Barabinsk District, Tandovo Lake, Suchun Peninsula; Moshkovo District, 5 km E Zherebtsovo; Novosibirsk; Novosibirsk District, vicinity of Komarovka; Novosibirsk, Akademgorodok; ibid., 54°50′35″N, 83°05′28″E; Novosibirsk, Botanical Garden, 55°03′N, 82°52′E; Toguchin District, 6 km SE Shmakovo, Kruteikha River; Vicinity of Akademgorodok, water reservoir coast. Omsk Province: Cherlak District, Tatarka, 55.587°N, 75.023°E. Tomsk Province: Kargasok District, vicinity of Ust-Chizhapka; Tomsk, Stepanovka. EASTERN SIBERIA. Buryatia: Selenginskiy Uezd, Gusinoye Lake. Irkutsk Province: Irkutsk; Lena River headspring, Ada River; Listvinichnoye [Listvyanka], Baikal Lake; Ushalovka River, 9 km E Irkutsk. Khakassia: Matur. Krasnoyarsk Territory: Krasnoyarsk; Yenisseysk. Zabaykalskiy Territory: 100 versts from Nerchinsk; 25 km NE Argunsk; 30 versts from Chita, Shirokaya Pad’; 35 km NWW Borzi, Dauria Reserve, Adon-Chelon Mts.; 60 km SE Nizhniy Tsasuchey, Dauria Reserve, vicinity o