Effect of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Applications on Adult Emergence Time of Halyomorpha halys (Stål, 1855) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae): A Laboratory Simulation Study

ABSTRACT: This study was conducted to determine the effects of two different doses (450 ppm, 600 ppm and 670 ppm) of intermittent carbon dioxide (CO2) application on the time required for individuals of Halyomorpha halys (Stål, 1855) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) to reach the adult stage, under controlled conditions, targeting the 1st and 3rd nymphal instars. As a result of the study, it was evaluated that CO2 applications made at both doses had a statistical effect on nymphal development times compared to the control application (450 ppm). It was determined that in the control dose, the time from the 1st nymphal stage to the adult varied between 44-55 days, while in 600 ppm dose this period was 60 days, and in 670 ppm this period was approximately 67 days. It was determined that in the control dose, the time from the 3rd nymphal stage to the adult varied between 34-39 days, while in 600 ppm it was 44 days, and in 670 ppm it was 51 days. According to the obtained results, it was understood that the time to reach the adult increased depending on the dose compared to the control application. In studies, revealing the differences in different nymphal stages of the pest and different durations of exposure to carbon dioxide is important in terms of determining both the effects of gas exchange on the behavioral parameters of the pest and the effects of atmospheric gas exchange in the control of the pest.