Review of GIS-Based Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) Techniques for Urban Development Planning in Rapidly Growing Regions: Insights from Awka Capital Territory, Nigeria

The rapid urbanization of developing cities presents major challenges in land allocation, infrastructure development, and sustainable planning. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) integrated with Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) offer powerful frameworks for evaluating urban development potential. This review synthesizes methodological approaches and practical applications of GIS-based MCDA, particularly the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), in urban planning. Drawing on the case of Awka Capital Territory, Anambra State, Nigeria, this paper discusses the strengths and limitations of integrating spatial data, expert judgment, and environmental criteria to identify suitable zones for urban expansion. The review highlights best practices, identifies gaps in existing methodologies, and proposes directions for enhancing urban planning through GIS-MCDA tools, including the integration of dynamic datasets, stakeholder engagement, and real-time spatial analytics.