Antibiofilm Activity and Chemical Profiling of Biomolecule Extracts from Marine Sediment Bacteria

Some of the secondary metabolites in the marine ecosystem control the adhesion of microfouling microorganisms to surfaces, thereby exhibiting antibiofilm properties. The main objective of this research was to understand the antibiofilm and antibacterial activity of biomolecule extracts of bacteria from marine sediments. Each complex and pure biomolecule was evaluated for inhibition effects against two marine biofilm bacteria using the antibiofilm activity assay. The maximum activity of the biomolecules in preventing bacterial adhesion was determined to range between 68.59 percent and 91.84 percent for Pseudoalteromonas agarivorans and between 15 percent and 65.68 percent for Exiguobacterium homiense. Additionally, the antibacterial activity of biomolecule extracts against four marine biofilm bacteria was tested by the minimum inhibitory concentration method. The strongest minimum inhibitory activity of pure extract (0.78 mg/mL) from Bacillus simplex was recorded against Alteromonas genoviensis. Research has also focused on the determination of compounds such as alkaloids, phenolics and flavonoids in the structure of biomolecular extracts using spectrophotometric analysis. It was concluded that the pure biomolecules isolated from sediment bacteria are predominantly composed of alkaloids. These novel microbial biomolecule extracts could be used as sources to produce antibiofilm and antifouling products.