Medical Cannabis in Nigeria: A case for Legal Reform and Commercial Viability

As global perspectives on cannabis shift towards medical acceptance and economic opportunity, Nigeria continues to maintain strict prohibitions under outdated legislation. This paper critically explores the potential of medical cannabis as a tool for healthcare innovation and economic diversification in Nigeria. It examines the legal history, including the Indian Hemp Act of 1966, the role of the NDLEA, and the influence of international drug treaties on national policy. Drawing on international examples and emerging research, the work advocates for a pragmatic, regulated approach to medical cannabis—starting with policy reform, controlled cultivation, and pilot programs. It also outlines how Nigeria’s fertile land and strategic positioning could support a thriving export industry while prioritising ethical considerations and public health. This publication contributes to the ongoing dialogue on drug policy reform, healthcare equity, and sustainable economic development in the Global South.