Sanicula caerulescens Franch.

Sanicula caerulescens Franch., Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris 8 (6): 109. 1984. Figs 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 = Sanicula dielsiana Wolff, Repert. Sp. Nov. Regni Veg. 8: 524. 1910. Type: China. Chongqing, Nanchuan, Mount Jinfo (= Chin fu shan), 28 July 1891, C. Bock & A. V. Rosthorn 114 (holotype: O-V 2290040!). = Sanicula stapfiana Wolff in Engler, Pflanzenr. 4 (228): 58. 1913. Type: China. Sichuan, Mount Emei (= Omei), alt. 3000 ft = 915 m, December 1887, E. Faber 887 (holotype: K 000697292!; isotype: MO 215722!). = Sanicula erythrophylla Bobrov, Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S. S. S. R. 13: 167. 1950. Type: China. Sichuan, Ya’an (= Ya Chou), the valley of Ya River, 4 April 1893, G. N. Potanin s. n. (holotype: LE 01029607!). = Sanicula oviformis X. T. Liu & Z. Y. Liu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 29 (5): 471. 1991, syn. nov. Type: China. Chongqing, Nanchuan, Mount Jinfo, alt. 650 m, 28 June 1983, M. L. Sheh 83646 (holotype: NAS 00082799!; isotypes: NAS 00028684!, NAS 00028685!). Type. China. Yunnan, Zhaotong, Shuifu, Chengfeng Shan (= Tchen-fong-chan), May 1882, M. Delavay 456 [lectotype: P 00835131! designated by Pimenov (2017); isolectotypes: K 000697287!, P 00835132!]. Fig. 1 A–C. Description. Perennial. Rhizome, rarely stoloniferous, oblique rootstock, bearing fibrous roots. Stems 2–7, slender and erect, several branches above the middle, 5–40 cm tall. Basal leaves 2–14 (– 23), long petiolate; petioles 2–17 cm long; blade glabrous adaxially and abaxially, usually purplish-red on the back, 1–7 cm long, (2.2 –) 4.5–14 cm wide, cordate-ovate or ovate, sub-ternate to trifoliate, the median segment obovate to ovate-lanceolate, distinctly shallowly trilobed, petiolate, the lateral segments obliquely ovate, shallowly bilobed, the margins irregularly crenulate-serrate with spinose teeth. Cauline leaves significantly reduced, sheathing, subsessile or sessile, with pinnately lobed blades, resembling involucrate bract, ca. 2.0 mm long. Inflorescence pseudo-racemose, sometimes the lower umbels in fascicles, sessile or short-pedunculate; involucrate bract lanceolate to ovate, acuminate, ca. 1.6 mm long; terminal umbels pedunculate, 3 - to 12 - radiate, 2.5–7.0 mm long; involucellate bracteoles 4–6 (– 8), linear to lanceolate, ca. 1 mm long. Umbellules 5–7 - flowered, staminate flowers 4–6 per umbellule, pedicels 2.1–4.0 mm long, petals mainly blue to purple. Fertile flowers 1 per umbellule, sessile; calyx teeth linear to lanceolate, acute, ca. 0.8 mm long; styles ca. 2.0 mm long, recurved. Mericarps globose to ellipsoid, 2.0–3.0 mm long, 1.0– 1.5 mm broad, covered with short and straight spinous bristles usually fused at the base forming a thin tier; mericarp flattened dorsally, orbiculate in cross-section. Vittae 5. Distribution. Sanicula caerulescens is widely distributed in China (Chongqing, northern Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, western Hunan, Sichuan and Yunnan) and Vietnam (Hà Giang) (Fig. 10). Habitat. It grows on mountain slopes under forest or along ravine streams or at forest margins at elevations of 400–1700 m above sea level. Phenology. Flowering and fruiting from March to July. Etymology. The epithet caerulescens is derived from the Latin term referring to the blue hue of the petals in the flowers. Additional specimens examined. China. Chongqing Municipality • Beibei District, 25 March 1934, T. T. Yu 2835 (NAS, PE) • Beibei District, Jinyun Mountain, 5 July 1956, Anonymous 326 (SM) • Beibei District, Jinyun Mountain, 5 May 1956, M. L. Li s. n. (SM) • Beibei District, Jinyun Mountain, 12 July 1983, M. L. Sheh 8367 4 (NAS) • Beibei District, Jinyun Mountain, alt. 480 m, 29 March 1964, Sichuan Exped. 0060 (CDBI, PEY) • Beibei District, Jinyun Mountain, alt. 700 m, 12 May 1943, S. J. Wang 1059 (NAS, PE) • Beibei District, Jinyun Mountain, alt. 740 m, 21 April 1956, Sichuan & Guizhou Exped. 114 (PE) • Beibei District, Jinyun Mountain, alt. 800 m, 28 March 2013, Z. F. Xu & W. Qin G 0013 (KUN) • Beibei District, Jinyun Mountain, April 1939, R. H. Shan 1166 (NAS) • Beibei District, Jinyun Mountain, May 1949, Y. W. Law 286 (NAS) • Beibei District, Jinyun Mountain, R. H. Shan 1297 (NAS) • Beibei District, Jinyun Mountain, S. J. Wang 1502 (PE) • Bishan District, 29 May 1978, Bishan Exped. 0129 (SM) • Dazu County, Yulong Town, alt. 400 m, 14 June 1978, Dazu Exped. 0240 (SM) • Fuling District, Lidu District, alt. 900 m, 10 April 1979, Fuling Exped. 0002 (SM) • Nanchuan County, 1932, T. H. Tu 2848 (IBK, NAS) • Nanchuan County, 1955, SM Exped. 2785 (SM) • Nanchuan County, 11 March 1957, S. G. Tang 1722 (SM) • Nanchuan County, alt. 1300 m, 4 June 1962, Anonymous 95748 (SM) • Nanchuan County, alt. 500 m, 5 April 1979, Anonymous 0027 (SM) • Nanchuan County, alt. 820 m, 1 April 1957, C. H. Hsiung & T. L. Chou 90051 (PE) • Nanchuan County, Bailuping, alt. 840 m, 17 April 1957, K. F. Li 60545 (KUN, PE) • Nanchuan County, Bailuping, alt. 970 m, 12 April 1957, K. F. Li 60437 (KUN, PE) • Nanchuan County, Dashi Village, alt. 500–550 m, 7 April 1979, Anonymous 0081 (SM) • Nanchuan County, Honghegou, alt. 700 m, 1 July 1983, M. L. Sheh 83653 (NAS) • Nanchuan County, Mount Jinfo, 8 June 1935, S. P. Chang 123 (NAS) • Nanchuan County, Mount Jinfo, alt. 1200 m, 2 June 1935, K. L. Chu 1053 (NAS, PE) • Nanchuan County, Mount Jinfo, Daheba, 29°4'42.39"N, 107°12'9.15"E, alt. 666–688 m, 9 May 2021, H. M. Li, Y. S. Zhang & X. Zhang LHM 1139 (NAS) • Nanchuan County, Mount Jinfo, Daheba, 29°5'46.81"N, 107°12'0.5"E, alt. 704 m, 8 May 2021, H. M. Li, Y. S. Zhang & X. Zhang LHM 1132 (NAS) • Nanchuan County, Mount Jinfo, Daheba, alt. 650 m, 28 June 1983, M. L. Sheh 83645 (NAS) • Nanchuan County, Mount Jinfo, Daheba, alt. 690 m, 26 April 1962, Anonymous 95548 (SM) • Nanchuan County, Mount Jinfo, Daheba, alt. 785 m, 20 March 1957, K. F. Li 60107 (PE) • Nanchuan County, Mount Jinfo, Daheba, alt. 880 m, April 1932, T. H. Tu 2775 (IBK, NAS, PE) • Nanchuan County, Mount Jinfo, Daheba, alt. 1000 m, 7 April 1957, K. F. Li 60356 (KUN, PE) • Nanchuan County, Mount Jinfo, Daheba, alt. 1300 m, 4 June 1962, Anonymous 95748 (SM) • Nanchuan County, Mount Jinfo, Daheba, alt. 1550 m, 30 June 1957, K. F. Li 62459 (PE) • Nanchuan County, Nanping Town, alt. 1000 m, 1 July 1957, C. H. Hsiung & B. Q. Li 95026 (NAS, SM) • Nanchuan County, Sanjianghonghegou, alt. 700 m, 1 July 1983, M. L. Sheh 83654 (NAS) • Nanchuan County, Sanquan Town, 29°4'47.28"N, 107°12'6.48"E, alt. 661 m, 26 May 2020, W. Zhou & H. M. Li LHM 1016 (NAS) • Nanchuan County, Sanquan Town, alt. 640 m, 7 March 1996, Z. Y. Liu 15276 (E, HAST, K, KUN, P, PE) • Pengshui County, Lianhe Village, alt. 430 m, 12 May 2000, Anonymous 0133 B (SM) • Rongchang District, Shuanghe Town, 24 April 1979, Anonymous 619 (SM) • Shizhu County, Huangshui District, alt. 1400 m, 18 May 1978, W. H. Wang 289 (CDBI) • Shizhu County, Shiliu Village, 29°44'35.96"N, 108°16'9.2"E, alt. 1219 m, 6 May 2021, H. M. Li., Y. S. Zhang & X. Zhang LHM 1125 (NAS) • Shizhu County, Xituo Town, alt. 150 m, 5 April 1979, Shizhu Exped. 0040 (SM) • Wulong County, Furong River, alt. 300 m, 27 April 2008, Z. Y. Liu 182499 (PE) • Wulong County, Furong River, alt. 350 m, 25 April 2008, Z. Y. Liu 182290 (PE) • Yongchuan District, Banqiao Town, alt. 350 m, 23 April 1978, Yongchuan Exped. 52 (SM) • Yongchuan District, Jiulong Village, alt. 500 m, 18 May 1978, Yongchuan Exped. 248 (SM). Guangxi Province • Huanjiang County, Mulun National Nature Reserve, 107°58'41.85"N, 25°8'7.43"E, alt. 502 m, 15 May 2013, Huanjiang Exped. 451226130315013 LY (GXMG, IBK) • Huangjiang County, Mulun National Nature Reserve, alt. 570 m, 16 April 2012, R. C. Peng & L. F. Fu ML 0955 (IBK) • Huangjiang County, Mulun National Nature Reserve, alt. 670 m, 19 April 2012, Y. S. Huang, Y. B. Liao & M. Q. Han Y 1288 (IBK) • Huanjiang County, Mulun National Nature Reserve, alt. 750 m, 28 February 2011, W. B. Xu & L. Wu 11095 (IBK). Guizhou Province • Chishui City, 29 April 1965, Guizhou Exped. 125 (HGAS) • Chishui City, Jinshagou, 20 May 2019, L. Liu 201905203 (GNUG) • Libo County, Maolan Scenic Spot, alt. 340 m, 24 April 2018, T. Jiang 20181675 (QNUN) • Libo County, Maolan Scenic Spot, alt. 420 m, 23 April 2018, Z. H. Li 201814397 (QNUN) • Libo County, Maolan Scenic Spot, alt. 459 m, 19 April 2018, F. Li 20185229 (QNUN) • Libo County, Maolan Scenic Spot, alt. 475 m, 17 April 2018, X. J. Ma 20188141 (QNUN) • Libo County, Maolan Scenic Spot, alt. 493 m, 20 April 2018, H. T. Long 20185417 (QNUN) • Libo County, Maolan Scenic Spot, alt. 498 m, 21 April 2018, M. J. He 20185370 (QNUN) • Libo County, Maolan Scenic Spot, alt. 567 m, 21 April 2018, K. Q. Zhang 20184413 (QNUN) • Suiyang County, Kuankuoshui, 12 May 2008, S. Q. Zhang S 4073 (ZY) • Suiyang County, Yinjianggou, 22 May 2014, D. Hu XS 14054478 (ZY) • Suiyang County, alt. 1050 m, 5 April 1990, K. M. Lan 90–0006 (GZAC) • Suiyang County, 20 May 1986, Q. S. Xie 201 (ZY) • Xishui City, Shaguangou, alt. 1055 m, 21 May 2015, Q. Q. Ran SCH 1503252 (ZY) • Xishui City, Shaguangou, alt. 978 m, 20 May 2015, T. Xu SCH 1503270 (ZY) • Xishui City, Shaguangou, alt. 987 m, 20 May 2015, Y. L. Peng SCH 1503246 (ZY) • Xishui City, Shaguangou, 15 May 2012, Q. Li SCH 1202116 (ZY) • Xishui City, Yinjianggou, alt. 978 m, 19 May 2015, W. Y. Wu SCH 1503057 (ZY) • Xishui City, Yong’an Town, 106°24'49.23"N, 28°12'16.12"E, alt. 1236.7 m, 29 March 2014, M. C. Wang GYZ 1403290916 (GYBG) • Zunyi City, Hejiagou, alt. 910 m, 20 May 2014, M. Xie XS 14054040 (ZY) • Zunyi City, Lengshui River, 5 March 2013, J. H. Liu LSH 031 (ZY) • Zunyi City, Shanpen District, Dingcun Village, 4 April 1959, N Guizhou Exped. 0022 (HGAS, IBK). Hubei Province • Enshi City, Pingbaying National Forest Park, 108°57'46.67"N, 29°22'55.32"E, alt. 1404 m, 21 May 2021, Y. S. Zhang LHM 1120 (NAS). Hunan Province • Baojing County, Baiyunshan, 18 July 2009, D. G. Zhang 080308007 (JIU) • Huayuan County, Gumiao River, alt. 200 m, 16 April 2008, Y. G. Qu 080416062 (JIU) • Jishou City, Dehang Scenic Spot, 6 Jun