Volume Approximation of Mount Kinabalu: A Goursat Problem-Based Prototype Simulator

This innovation introduces a groundbreaking approach to geographical modeling by applying the Goursat problem to represent Mount Kinabalu’s surface. Utilizing the forward difference method, the study approximates the mountain's volume with enhanced precision through numerical analysis techniques. This innovative framework not only estimates the volume of Mount Kinabalu but also revolutionizes the application of the Goursat problem to complex geographical features. By providing a more precise terrain representation, this methodology significantly benefits fields such as environmental science, urban planning, and landscape management. A key outcome of this research is the development of a prototype simulator, equipped with user-friendly interfaces and robust algorithms, facilitating precise terrain analysis and volume estimation. This simulator, adaptable for other geographical regions, enhances accessibility for researchers, educators, and practitioners in geography. Additionally, it promotes interdisciplinary collaboration, offering a common platform for professionals in mathematics, environmental science, and engineering to analyze geographical data. Overall, this innovation marks a significant advancement in applying advanced mathematical concepts to real-world geographical challenges, showcasing the transformative potential of the Goursat problem in understanding and interacting with natural environments.