THE MIGRATION PATTERNS AND HUMAN SECURITY IN AFRICA WITH REFERENCE TO THE AFRICAN AGENDA 2063

This paper investigates migration patterns and human security in Africa, with reference to the aspiration of the African Agenda 2063. It highlights that Africa is often seen as a continent of mass migration due to conflict and poverty in countries such as Sudan, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, and Nigeria, among others, has migration deeply embedded in its history. The paper emphasizes that despite migration being a key aspect of development and internationalisation, it remains a contentious issue in policy and practice across Africa. Immigrants are often blamed for major issues like crime, competition for job opportunities, and resource strain, leading to the tension between the local inhabitants and immigrants. The political situations in Zimbabwe, Nigeria, Sudan, Cameroon, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Mozambique, in most cases, coupled with the dominance of rebel groups, have threatened human security in these countries. Consequently, the decline in human security and the high poverty rates have influenced an unprecedented level of migration in Africa. The paper, adopting a qualitative research method based on a desktop study, finds a link between socioeconomic development and the geographical location of African emigration. It confirms migration theories, stating that poorer residents of African countries have limited abilities to improve their living standards, and their movements are often confined within Africa. The paper concludes that Africa continues to face increased migration and growing antimigrant sentiments, leading to policies favouring deterrence over inclusivity. It underscores the need for improved and harmonised migration management policies as a critical priority for African governments.