Mpox Outbreaks, Challenges of Management, Smallpox to the Rescue: A Review Article

Abstract: Mpox is a viral zoonotic disease caused by the monkeypox virus. Its incidence has risen in recent years due to the decline in immunity from previous smallpox infections and the cessation of smallpox vaccinations following its eradication. This article reviews published studies and webpages from various organizations, focusing on the history and updates of mpox outbreaks and their management. Research articles, book chapters, review articles, and other pertinent literature were gathered from online databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and PubMed Central. Mpox morbidity can range from mild to severe, with secondary complications that may be fatal. Several outbreaks have occurred in recent decades. The recent global outbreak of mpox, which began in May 2022, primarily affected men who have sex with men. The increase in the global spread of mpox has gained international attention and in 2024, mpox was declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) by the Africa Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) and the World Health Organization (WHO). Smallpox has played a vital role in the management of mpox through research on treatments and vaccines. The eradication of smallpox provides hope for effective control of mpox, as eradicating mpox may be challenging due to the presence of nonhuman hosts. Surveillance and research are crucial in achieving this objective. Keywords: Mpox, monkeypox, history, outbreaks, vaccination, smallpox. Title: Mpox Outbreaks, Challenges of Management, Smallpox to the Rescue: A Review Article Author: Chinyerem Cynthia Nwachukwu, Ifeoma Anne Njelita, Ifeanyi Gabriel Eyisi, Amaechi Chinedu Nwachukwu, Chijioke Amara Ezenyeaku International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Vol. 13, Issue 1, April 2025 - September 2025 Page No: 24-31 Research Publish Journals Website: www.researchpublish.com Published Date: 05-April-2025 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15160053 Paper Download Link (Source) https://www.researchpublish.com/papers/mpox-outbreaks-challenges-of-management-smallpox-to-the-rescue-a-review-article