A Comparative Study between T Tube Drainage versus Stent in Open CBD Exploration

Background: Choledocholithiasis refers to the presence of stones within the common bile duct (CBD). The condition can be managed using two principal approaches: endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) or surgical exploration of the CBD. During open CBD exploration, primary closure of the duct is feasible if an intraoperative cholangiogram confirms the absence of residual stones. In the absence of this confirmation or if stones are detected, a stent or T-tube is required to facilitate drainage. This study compared the outcomes of stent placement versus T-tube drainage following open CBD exploration. Materials and Methods: A total of 78 patients were included in the study. Of these, T-tubes were inserted in 40 patients, while stents were placed in 38 patients. Data analysis was performed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the two methods, with particular reference to the study’s objectives. Results: The analysis revealed no significant difference in outcomes between patients managed with T-tube drainage and those treated with stents. Both approaches demonstrated comparable results in terms of post-operative recovery and overall effectiveness in the management of CBD stones. Conclusion: This study suggests that both T-tube drainage and stents are equally effective options for managing patients undergoing open CBD exploration when primary closure is not feasible. Further research with larger sample sizes may help validate these findings and refine management strategies.