PARKINSONISM; ITS PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, HISTOPATHOLOGY, SYMPTOMS, DIAGNOSIS, DIFFERENTIALS & EPIDEMIOLOGY

Parkinsonism is a broad term used to describe a group of neurological disorders that involve symptoms similar to those of Parkinson's disease (PD), the most common condition in this category. Parkinsonism is marked primarily by motor symptoms, such as resting tremors, rigidity, bradykinesia, and postural instability. While Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the most common cause of Parkinsonism, several other conditions, including multiple system atrophy (MSA), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and corticobasal degeneration (CBD), can also lead to Parkinson-like symptoms. Drug-induced Parkinsonism, caused by certain medications, is another category of Parkinsonism. Parkinsonism, particularly Parkinson’s disease, is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders affecting older adults, and its prevalence is steadily increasing with an aging global population. As such, the burden of Parkinsonism on individuals, families, and healthcare systems is immense, making it a critical area of research and public health concern. This article explores the pathophysiology, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment options, and the social and psychological impact of Parkinsonism. In addition, we will delve into future research trends and the global efforts aimed at improving outcomes for those affected.