A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF MULTI-PARAMETER CHARACTERISTICS OF INTERPLANETARY HALO CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS (ICMEs) FROM 2019 TO 2023

This research paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the multi-parameter characteristics of Interplanetary Halo Coronal Mass Ejections (ICMEs) observed from 2019 to 2023. The research investigates key parameters like speed, angular width, mass, and geo effectiveness of these compounds based on their physical and dynamic properties. Earth directed ICMEs were identified and analysed using data from various Solar observatories and satellite missions (e.g., SOHO, STEREO, and ACE). The correlations of ICMEs properties with geomagnetic storm indices are also studied to assess the impact of ICMEs properties on Earth's space weather environment. The studied years exhibited significant variations in ICME characteristics suggesting their evolving behaviour at this time. The results indicate that ICMEs have complex dynamics and emphasise the critical need for continuous solar observation and advanced data analysis techniques for assessing the risks to Earth’s technological infrastructure.