THE CONCEPT OF THE "SUPERFLUOUS MAN" AND ITS REFLECTION IN THE WORKS OF RUSSIAN CLASSICS (PUSHKIN, LERMONTOV, TURGENEV, GONCHAROV)

This article examines the concept of the “superfluous man” and its reflection in the works of Russian classics of the 19th century: Alexander Pushkin, Mikhail Lermontov, Ivan Turgenev and Ivan Goncharov. The characters of Evgeny Onegin, Grigory Pechorin, Dmitry Rudin and Ilya Oblomov illustrate various aspects of this concept, representing heroes experiencing an internal crisis and unable to find their place in society. The article analyzes the causes and manifestations of apathy, passivity and disappointment of these characters, as well as their tragic inability to self-realization and deep emotional connections. Through the prism of these images, the authors explore the social and personal problems of their era, making the figure of the “superfluous man” one of the central symbols of Russian literature of the 19th century.