Understanding Peyronie's Disease: From Microtrauma to Fibrotic Plaque Formation

Peyronie’s disease (PD) is a fibrotic disorder of the tunica albuginea, characterized by penile plaque formation, curvature, pain, and sexual dysfunction. PD is a benign disorder characterized by a plaque made of fibrosis of the tunica albuginea, leading to penile curvature, pain, and erectile dysfunction, with significant emotional impact. This plaque may affect the length on the affected side during the erection resulting in the curvature of the penis and possible deformity associated with other symptoms such as discomfort, pain and erectile dysfunction. The disease progresses through two phases: an acute phase marked by inflammation and plaque development, and a chronic phase where pain subsides but deformity stabilizes or worsens. Understanding natural evolution and pathophysiology is crucial for guiding treatment and improving patient outcomes.