Political Homogeneity and Minority Exclusion in South Asia: A Comparative Study of India and Bangladesh

The concept of minority is one of the most significant terms in the political and anthropological history of the world. The treatment of minority groups by dominant populations often dictates the landscape of national and international politics. Like other regions, South Asia remains highly sensitive to issues concerning religious and ethnic minorities. Given that, the formation of nations in the Indian subcontinent was deeply rooted in religious identity, nationalist sentiments frequently intertwine with religious affiliations. The current political regime in the largest country of this region has allegedly exploited this sentiment for political gains, potentially undermining South Asia's peace and stability. This study employs a qualitative research methodology, utilizing historical analysis and case studies to examine the political dynamics affecting minorities and the push toward political homogeneity. By analysing key events such as the Partition of 1947, post-colonial migration patterns, and contemporary policies, the study explores how state mechanisms and majority politics shape minority identities. The findings suggest that enforced political homogeneity often marginalizes minority groups, exacerbating tensions and threatening regional cohesion. The study concludes that inclusive governance and recognition of minority rights are essential for sustainable peace in South Asia.