Acute Glomerulonephritis in Children: A Comprehensive Overview

Acute glomerulonephritis (AGN) is a renal condition that is most common in children and is defined by the rapid onset of hematuria, proteinuria, edema, and hypertension. The most common manifestation of the condition in children is post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN), which most often develops after infections with Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci. AGN results from immune injury to the glomeruli, leading to deranged kidney function. Even though the prognosis in children is generally favourable, early diagnosis and treatment are required to prevent complications such as acute kidney injury and chronic renal impairment. This article presents a critical appraisal of AGN in children, viz., etiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnostic techniques, therapeutic management, and long-term prognosis.