Ankylopteryx octopunctata subsp. candida

[10] Ankylopteryx octopunctata candida (Fabricius, 1798) (Figs 15–16, 78) Hemerobius candidus Fabricius, 1798: 202. Type locality: India (India orientali). Holotype in ZMUK. Ankylopteryx fraterna Banks, 1939: 473. Type locality: China (Guangdong, Moi Hinon; Hainan: Ta Hian and Vo Law). Syntype in MCZ. Ankylopteryx laticosta Banks, 1939: 472. Type locality: China (Hainan, Ta Hian). Syntype in MCZ. Ankylopteryx lii Yang, 1987: 204. Type locality: China (Xizang, Zäyu, Shajiong). Holotype in CAU. Ankylopteryx tibetana Yang, 1987: 205. Type locality: China (Xizang, Zäyu, Dongjiong). Holotype in CAU. Ankylopteryx yangi Ma, Yang & Liu, 2020: 49. Type locality: China (Guizhou, Maolan, Limingguan). Holotype in CAU. syn. nov. Diagnosis. This species is characterized by the presence of a pair of quadrate black spots below the antennae, the scape with brown stripe on outer side, the pronotum with small brown spots on the anterolateral angle, the metanotum covered by brown markings or only with small brown spots on the anterolateral angle of mesoscutum, the broad and quadrate cell im, the male entoprocessus attached at about basal 1/4 of gonarcus, and the apex of entoprocessus projected in various degree. Description. Male. Body length 7.4–8.8 mm, forewing length 10.0– 11.4 mm, hindwing length 9.7–11.3 mm. Head yellow, vertex raised. Compound eyes prominent and blackish-brown. Scape with brown stripe on outer side; two interantennal spots small and black, often absent. A pair of quadrate black spots below antennae. Frons sometimes with red markings. Clypeal margin with brown stripes. Gena with black spots. Maxillary and labial palpi brownish yellow. Pronotum anterior margin shorter than posterior margin, with small brown spots on anterolateral angle; mesothorax covered by brown markings or only mesoscutum with brown spots on anterolateral angle, metascutum with small brown spots. Legs with dense setae. Pro- and mesotibia with median black spot. Pretarsal claws brown, with basal dilation. Forewing broad, with brown shadings, especially on pterostigma, basal crossvein of inner gradate series and CuP. Costal area broad basally, with 23–25 crossveins; 11–12 radial crossveins present. Base of Rs and apical radial crossveins with brown markings. m1 smaller than m2, im quadrate; 7–8 psm-psc crossveins with small brown shadings. c1 smaller than c2, dcc opened.A1 forked and with small brown shadings, A2 and A3 simple. Inner gradate series with 5–6 crossveins, outer gradate series with 8 crossveins. Faint shadings on forking marginal veins. Hindwing narrow. Small brown shadings present on pterostigma, inner gradate series, CuP and forking marginal veins. Costal area with 16–19 crossveins; 10–11 radial crossveins and 7–9 psm-psc crossveins present. A1 forked, A2 and A3 simple. Inner gradate series with 4–6 crossveins, outer gradate series with 6 crossveins. Abdomen with dense setae. Tergum VII and sternum VII subquadrate in lateral view; tergum VIII shorter than tergum VII; sternum VIII fused with sternum IX; tergum IX fused with ectoproct. Callus cerci ovoid. Gonarcus arcuate, lateral arms narrow at base and wide at tip; entoprocessus attached at about basal 1/4 of gonarcus and projected at tip in various degrees; pseudopenis narrowed near base and projected at tip. Female. Body length 8.5–9.7 mm, forewing length 11.8–13.4 mm, hindwing length 11.2–11.9 mm. Sternum VII obviously longer than tergum VII; tergum VII subquadrate in lateral view; tergum VIII shorter than tergum VII; tergum IX fused with ectoproct. Callus cerci ovoid. Subgenitale bilobed apically; spermatheca thick; vela and ventral impression absent; duct long and coiled. Material. Type specimens of A. yangi: holotype ♂, China, Guizhou, Libo County, Maolan National Nature Reserve, Limingguan, 2013.X.14, Xingyue Liu (CAU); paratype: 1♀, China, Guizhou, Libo County, Maolan National Nature Reserve, Limingguan, 2013.X.14, Feiyang Liang (CAU). Holotype of A. lii: ♂, China, Xizang, Nyingchi, Zayü, Shajiong, 1700 m, 1978.VI.25, Fasheng Li (CAU). Type specimens of A. tibetana: holotype ♂, China, Nyingchi, Zayü, Dongjiong, 1570 m, 1978.VI.26, Fasheng Li (CAU); paratype: 1♀, China, Xizang, Nyingchi, Zayü, Shajiong, 1700 m, 1978.VI.25, Fasheng Li (CAU). 3♂ 6♀, China, Fujian, Quanzhou, Dehua, Shuikou, 1974. XI.6–12, Chikun Yang (CAU); 1♂, China, Fujian, Jianyang, 1974.IX.09, Fasheng Li (CAU); 1♀, China, Guangdong, Zhanjiang, Hongshulin National Nature Reserve, 2020.VI.11–24 (CAU); 1♀, China, Guangdong, Zhaoqing, Dinghushan National Nature Reserve, 2021.IV.26–V.11; 1♂ 1♀, China, Guangdong, Zhaoqing, Dinghushan National Nature Reserve, 2017.VI.26, Yunlan Jiang (CAU); 1♂ 1♀, China, Guangdong, Zhaoqing, Dinghushan National Nature Reserve, 2019.V.28–29, Xingyue Liu (CAU); 1♀, China, Guangdong, Huizhou, Mt. Xiangtoushan, 2004. V.11, Mengqing Wang (CAU); 1♀, China, Guangdong, Nanling, 2011.V, Zaifu Xu (CAU); 1♀, China, Guangdong, Guangzhou, Haizhu District, 2020.IX.02–12 (CAU); 2♀, China, Guangdong, Guangzhou, Mt. Baiyunshan, 1962. IX.09, Leyi Zheng & Hanhua Cheng (CAU); 1♀, China, Guangdong, Zhaoqing, Dinghushan National Nature Reserve, 1962.IX.22, Leyi Zheng & Hanhua Cheng (CAU); 1♂, China, Guangzi, Jingxi, Tongling Large Gorge, 2021.VI.06, Xingyue Liu (CAU); 19♂ 18♀, China, Guangxi, Chongzuo, Longzhou, Nonggang Natural Nature Reserve, 170–200 m, 2021.VI.03–07, Xingyue Liu, Yan Lai & Ying Yang (CAU); 3♀, China, Guangxi, Ningming, Longrui Nature Reserve, 180 m, 1984.V.16–17, Fasheng Li (CAU); 2♂ 6♀, China, Guangxi, Chongzuo, Longzhou, Nonggang Natural Nature Reserve, 240 m, 1982.V.18–20, Chikun Yang (CAU); 2♀, China, Guangxi, Laibin, Yaozu, 1982.VI.11, Fasheng Li (CAU); 4♀, China, Sichuan, Leshan, 1978.IX.20, Fasheng Li (CAU); 2♂ 3♀, China, Guizhou, Libo County, Maolan National Nature Reserve, Limingguan, 2013.X.14, Xingyue Liu (CAU); 1♀, China, Guizhou, Libo, Banzhai, 2013.X.13 (CAU); 1♀, China, Guizhou, Zunyi, Suiyang, Jianba, Huangyu, 2016.III.05, Mengqing Wang (CAU); 2♂, China, Guizhou, Libo County, Maolan National Nature Reserve, Limingguan, 1990. V.14, Chikun Yang (IOZ); 1♂ 1♀, China, Guizhou, Libo County, Maolan National Nature Reserve, Limingguan, 1990.X.23, Wenzhu Li (IOZ); 1♀, China, Yunnan, Honghe, Lvchun, Qimaba, 920–980 m, 2021.VI.03, Yuchen Zheng & Pei Yu (CAU); 1♂, China, Yunnan, Puer, Menglie, Baimushan, 1000 m, 2021.V.28, Yuchen Zheng (CAU); 1♀, China, Yunnan, Puer, Simao District, Dachunhe, 1400 m, 2021.V.22, Yuchen Zheng (CAU); 2♀, China, Yunnan, Puer, Simao District, Taiyanghe Provincial Nature Reserve, 1450 m, 2016.VIII.12, Yunlan Jiang (CAU); 1♀, China, Yunnan, Baoshan, Baihualing, 1500 m, 2020.VI.11–12, Yuchen Zheng (CAU); 1♂ 1♀, China, Yunnan, Baoshan, Baihualing, Hanlongzhai, 1800 m, 2021.V.13–15, Yuchen Zheng & Pei Yu (CAU); 1♀, China, Yunnan, Puer, Simao District, Dachunhe, 1400 m, 2021.V.22, Yuchen Zheng, Jiazhi Zhang & Chao Wu (CAU); 1♂, China, Lincang, Mengpeng, Silengba Reservior, 2022.VII.09, Xingyue Liu (CAU); 1♂ 1♀, China, Yunnan, Lincang, Linjing Park, 2023.VI.10, Zhixin He (CAU); 1♀, China, Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Menglun, No. 55 experimental site, 780 m, 2019.IV.25, Yuchen Zheng (CAU); 1♂ 1♀, China, Yunnan, Cangyuan, Nangunhe National Nature Reserve, Xinya, 600 m, 2019.V.05, Hongyu Li (CAU); 1♂, China, Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Menglun, Lvshilin Forestry Park, light, 2019.IV.26, Xingyue Liu (CAU); 1♀, China, Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Menglun, 800 m, 1981.IV.10, Fasheng Li (CAU); 2♀, China, Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Menglun, 1979.IX.16, Shengli Liu (CAU); 1♂, China, Lincang, Zhenkang, Nansan, 1100 m, 1980.IV.30, Ming Zhang (CAU); 1 ex, China, Yunnan, Puer, 1320 m, 1981.IV.06, Chikun Yang (CAU); 1♀, China, Xishuangbanna, Menglong, 1958.IV.15, Xuwu Meng (IOZ); 1♀, China, Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Menglun, 600 m, 1994.IV.12, Xiaolin Chen (IOZ); 1♀, China, Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Mengyang, 850 m, 1958.VIII.20, Yiran Zhang (IOZ); 1♀, China, Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Mengla, 500 m, 1956.IV.20, Keren Huang (IOZ); 1♂, China, Xizang, Nyingch, Mêdog, Miri, 810 m, 2018.VII.27, Hongyu Li (CAU); 1♂ 1♀, China, Xizang, Nyingchi, Mêdog, Miri, 1000 m, 2020.VIII.19, Yuchen Zheng (CAU); 2♂ 3♀, China, Xizang, Nyingchi, Zayü, 1500–1570 m, 2020.VIII.09, Yuchen Zheng (CAU); 3♂, China, Xizang, Nyingchi, Mêdog, Guoguotang, 840 m, 2022.VI.21, Yuezheng Tu (CAU); 1♂, China, Xizang, Mêdog, Baibung, 2012.VII.31, Xuankun Li (CAU); 1♀, China, Xizang, Mêdog, Baibung, Jiangxin, 799 m, 2018.VII.29, Xingyue Liu (CAU); 1♂, China, Nyingchi, Mêdog, 900 m, 2020.VIII.18, Yuchen Zheng (CAU); 1♂, China, Xizang, Nyingchi, Mêdog, 1630 m, 2018.VI.25, Liang Wang (CAU); 1♂, China, Xizang, Shigatse, Yatung, 2900 m, 2020.VIII.02–04, Yuchen Zheng (CAU); 2♀, China, Xizang, Nyingchi, Zayü, Rongyü, 1800 m, 2021.VIII.08, Xingyue Liu (CAU); 1♀, China, Xizang, Nyingchi, Zayü, Bündü, 2000 m, 2020.VIII.11, Yuchen Zheng (CAU); 1♀, China, Hainan, Lingshui, Diaoluoshan National Forestry Park, 1964.III.26, Shengli Liu (CAU); 2♂ 2♀, China, Hainan, Wanning, Xinglong, 1974.XII.20, Chikun Yang (CAU); 1♂, Hainan, Wanning, Xinglong, 1974.XII.21, Fasheng Li (CAU); 4♀, China, Danzhou, Nada, 1974. XII.07–09, Chikun Yang (CAU); 1♀, China, Hainan, Baoting, 1964.IX.08 (CAU); 2♂ 1♀, China, Hainan, Dongfang, Datian National Nature Reserve, 2022.IV.30, Yuchen Zheng & Ying Yang (CAU); 1♀, China, Hainan, Wenchang, Qinglan Port, 1965.II.07, Sikong Liu (CAU); 1♂ 7♀, China, Hainan, Yingfeng, 200 m, 1960.V.04, Changqing Li (IOZ); 1♀, China, Hainan, Yingfeng, 200 m, 1960.V.04, Suofu Li (IOZ); 1♀, China, Hainan, Wanning, 10 m, 1960.IV.16, Changqing Li (IOZ); 1♀, China, Hainan, Wanning, 10 m, 1960.IV.16, Xuezhong Zhang (IOZ); 1♂ 6♀, China, Hainan, Wanning, 10 m, 1960.IV.16, Suofu Li (IOZ); 1♀, China, Hainan, Qiongzhong, 400 m, 1960.VII.13, Suofu Li (IOZ); 10♂ 2♀, China, Chongqing, Beipei District, Mt. Jinyunshan, 700 m, 2021.VIII.18–19, Xingyue Liu (CAU); 1♂ 1♀, China, Chongqing, Liangping District, Luojiawan, 2012.VIII.11–12, Zhifei Li (CAU); 1♀, China,