Urogenital tract and possible hormones affecting masculinization in female spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta)

The genital system of female spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta) in the Hyaenidae family shows significant morphological and anatomical differences compared to other hyena species. The outer vagina found in other mammals is absent in spotted hyenas. The clitoris is enlarged, capable of erection, and has a penis-like appearance. This unique structure, called the pseudopenis or penile clitoris, has functional functions such as urination, mating, and childbirth. In the presented review, general information about female spotted hyenas is conveyed. In addition, studies on the possible effects of estrogen and androgens on the formation of the external genital tract are reviewed.