SOCIOCULTURAL PREREQUISITES FOR THE CREATION OF THE GERMAN EXPRESSIONIST THEATRE

<p>By the 1920s, the expressionist movement had spread to many fields of the arts, including the newly emerging cinematography, but was more popular in the theatre. Defeated in World War I, Germany was in a political, economic, social, and spiritual crisis. The population is experiencing the desolation and misery of Germany. In 2018-19, Germany was involved in revolts and revolutionary coups, and hence, the Bavarian Revolution, the Bavarian Soviet Republic was a logical outcome. The revolution organized by intellectuals (thinkers) has failed. A pacifist movement-direction was created in art, it was a protest against the existing political-social reality. Artists, including playwrights, considered the way of inner perfection of a person as a solution. The main method has become the presentation of human spiritual feelings. Protest against the rapid development of technology is becoming one <br>of the leading topics. This direction also expresses how a person becomes a part of the mass and loses his individuality. To preserve the personal, it is necessary to find the meaning of life. The search for the meaning of life became the main problem and the main issue of the expressionists, and the main goal was that a man should remain a human being. To save the humanity in a human being - became the slogan of the expressionists. The features of expressionist dramaturgy are similar to intellectual dramaturgy, a certain thesis, idea is given and the action unfolds around it, there are no individual characters. Expressionists believed that it is necessary to study oneself through observation. And to know the inner world, we have to trust dreams, feelings, visions, illusions, and mirages. Besides dramaturgy, expressionism prevailed in theatre and performing arts. The theatre refuses to develop a character psychologically, the main thing is to embody a certain idea from a purely theatrical point of view. For expressionists, the theatre was a kind of “spiritual brotherhood” and the audience was included in this brotherhood. With <br>this, they opposed the theatre to dissociation in society and hostility between people. The expressionist direction formed at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries had a great influence on various fields of art. In the 1920s, expressionism became very dominant in German theatre and also had a great influence on both European and American dramaturgy. For example: Friedrich Dürrenmatt, Max Frisch, Eugene O'Neill, etc.</p>