PREPARATION AND EVALUTION OF NATURAL ACID BASE INDICATORS FROM DIFFERENT FLOWERS

Different flower extracts were tested for their indicator properties in acidic and basic solutions, showing distinct color changes in alkaline solutions and remaining colorless in acidic solutions. When used in acid-base titrations, the endpoint colors and average titration values were consistent with those of the standard phenolphthalein indicator.This suggests that these flower extracts could serve as a practical, cost-effective, and accurate alternative for laboratory titrations. The results highlight the potential of using these natural indicators in integrated science and chemistry education. These indicators are typically weak acids or bases, with conjugate forms exhibiting different colors due to their absorption spectra. Key Words: flower extracts, natural indicators, acid-base titrations, phenolphthalein, color changes, weak acids, conjugate forms, chemistry education, cost-effective alternatives.