Evaluating the Impact of Horizontal Shading on Indoor Thermal Comfort and Energy Efficiency in Tripoli

In hot climates, where the control of solar exposure is vital for building performance and occupant comfort, the selection of appropriate shading devices is a key sustainable architectural strategy. This paper conducts a comparative analysis of the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of vertical and horizontal shading devices across various building elevations. Our research demonstrates that vertical shading devices significantly outperform horizontal fins, reducing cooling loads by up to 8% when optimized for angle and length. Horizontal devices are less effective, particularly on east and west elevations, due to their inability to adequately manage sunlight. The paper outlines a set of design guidelines for optimal shading in hot climates: fixed horizontal shading devices with a depth between 0.3 meters to 0.8 meters for south-facing windows, vertical shading devices with a depth of 0.3 meters for east, west, and north elevations, and the strategic use of vegetation for additional cooling. These recommendations aim to enhance thermal comfort, reduce energy consumption, and promote economic efficiency in sustainable building design.