Solvothermal-Assisted Green Synthesis of Ziziphus nummularia Leaf Extract Capped Fe₃O₄ Nanocomposites Promising Antibacterial Applications

This study investigates the synthesis of biogenic iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4NPs) using a solvothermal-assisted green chemistry approach and assesses their antibacterial properties. The biosynthesized Fe3O4NPs were characterized through multiple analytical techniques, including UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The resulting nanoparticles were spherical in shape. The antibacterial effectiveness of these Fe3O4NPs, derived from Ziziphus nummularia, was evaluated, with the highest inhibition zone observed at a concentration of 100 µg/mL against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. These promising antibacterial characteristics highlight the potential application of Fe3O4NPs in medicinal fields..