Association between Tuberculosis & Chronic Kidney Diseases: A Study in Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital

Background: Tuberculosis and chronic kidney disease are two serious global health burdens. CKD increases the susceptibility of patients to TB due to their low immunity. The current study examines the correlation of TB with CKD in patients who were admitted to a tertiary care teaching hospital. Methods: This was a prospective observational study conducted over a period of 12 months involving 150 patients aged 18 years and older who were suffering from tuberculosis (TB) with or without chronic kidney disease (CKD). Among these, 60 patients had only TB, while 90 had both TB and CKD. Data were retrieved based on demographic, clinical, and laboratory parameters, with statistical analytical tests employed to assess the association between TB and CKD while controlling for confounders using logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of extrapulmonary TB was significantly higher in patients with both TB and CKD (32%) compared to the TB-only group (20%). The mean duration of hospitalization was the highest in patients with both conditions, at 18.4 days. Advanced stages of CKD were associated with poor outcomes of TB, including a higher incidence of adverse clinical events and mortality (22%). Logistic regression showed a significant association between CKD and an increased risk of extrapulmonary TB and adverse outcomes (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Patients with CKD are at an increased risk of severe forms of TB and for poor clinical outcomes, thus creating a need for targeted prophylactic interventions, early assessment, and a multidisciplinary approach to improve outcomes in these patients.