Advancing Clinical Outcomes in Cervical Cancer: Investigating HDR Brachytherapy Dose Protocols

Introduction: Cervical cancer (CC) is the 4th most prevalent cancer among women in this global. Chronic HPV infections which mainly strains 16 and 18, raise cervical cancer risks, which requires showing from the age of 21. The treatment choices variety from cryotherapy in the early stages to brachytherapy and high-dose radiation therapy (HDRBT) in the final stages. These actions allow for precision tumor directing with least experience to healthy tissue, which finally recovers survival rates. Aim and objectives: The goal of this study is to explore the clinical effectiveness and toxicity of two HDR brachytherapy dose treatments for cervical cancer therapy find the best balance between tumor control and side effects. Method: This 24-month study at NRI Medical College’s Department of Radiation Oncology examined two HDR brachytherapy routines for cervical cancer patients. Patients had simultaneous chemotherapy, external beam radiation treatment (EBRT), and one of two high-dose rate (HDR) dosage fractional process. Tumor control and toxicity were determined by clinical and imaging assessments. In addition, these results were classified with RECIST criteria, and toxicities were categorized using CTCAE guidelines. Result: The research assessed two high-dose rate brachytherapy protocols (Arm A:5.5 Gy; Arm B: 7 Gy) for cervical cancer. Both arms reached comparable local control rates (90%), with Arm A showing a marginal advantage in disease-free survival (100% vs. 95%). Arm B showed high acute bladder and rectal toxicity. Biologically effective doses (BED) were high in Arm B, resulting in heightened toxicity. Conclusion: This study concluded that Arm A has shown a slightly higher disease-free survival (DFS) rate (100%) compared to Arm B (95%), indicating a potential advantage in preventing disease recurrence.