Statistical Analysis and Optimization of Work-Rest Cycles in High-Temperature Industrial Environments: Evidence from Iraq's Oil Industry

The results indicate various degrees of heat stress among affected areas. The maximum affected area is Basra (WBGT ranged 33.0°C - 40.4°C), followed by Karbala (WBGT ranged 29.9°C - 36.5°C) then Kirkuk (WBGT ranged 27.5 - 33.7°C). Statistical analysis revealed an annual temperature increase of 0.28°C to 0.35°C decade-wise. Given these findings, we devised optimized work-rest schedules that ensure worker safety while maintaining operational efficiency, with work-rest ratios ranging from continuous work during early morning hours to total work bans during peak heat periods. The frameworks suggested can be used in other industrial settings that experience such extreme heat conditions. This is mostly the case for Middle Eastern and North African countries as well as other arid countries with similar climate conditions. The implementation framework will provide a structured methodology for managing heat stress through integrated engineering and administrative controls.