A Comprehensive Study of Uterine Lesions in Hysterectomy Specimens: Clinical, Radiological, and Histopathological Insights

Introduction: Hysterectomy is the most commonly performed gynecological surgery throughout the world as it provides definitive cure to a wide range of gynecological diseases, both benign and malignant. This study was undertaken to identify the most common uterine pathologies in hysterectomy specimens, to study the occurrence of lesions in relation to age and parity and to study association between histopathological features and clinical presentation of uterine lesions. Methodology: This was retrospective and prospective observational study carried out over a period of one and half year from 1st july 2017 to 31st december 2018 in the pathology department and three hundred seven hysterectomy specimens were studied. The clinical history of all cases was collected from records. The specimens were processed using routine paraffin tissue processing methods and sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Pathological findings in the uterus were noted. Results: In the present study, 56.35% cases had undergone total hysterectomy, commonest age group was 41-50 years (43.00%) & multiparous were commonest. Menorrhagia (37.46%) followed by something coming out per vaginum(30.94%) were the most frequent clinical presentation. Histopathologically, the commonest endometrial findings were proliferative phase (37.46%) followed by atrophium endometrium (27.04%) and myometrial findings were leiomyoma (43.32%) followed by adenomyosis (28.01),both were commonly seen in 41-50 years. Leiomyomas were commonly seen at the intramural locations and showed hyalinization. Conclusion: Hysterectomy is an effective treatment for various uterine pathologies. The study highlights the significance of histopathological examination for accurate diagnosis and management, even in grossly normal specimens. Clinical and radiological evaluations alone may not adequately diagnose conditions such as adenomyosis or early-stage malignancies.