To Study the Various Risk Factors Predisposing to Late Onset Septicemia in Neonates

Background & Methods: The aim of the study is to study the various risk factors predisposing to late onset septicemia in neonates. A detailed maternal history was taken followed by examination of the neonate, the cases followed longitudinally regularly till discharge or death. The symptoms and signs were closely observed and recorded on case sheet as well as on proforma specially designed for the purpose. Results: The main clinical features in neonates with late onset septicemia were lethargy 89%, refusal to feed 84%, hypothermia 63%, jaundice 60%, mottling 42%, abdominal distension 30% while hyperthermia 22%, seizures 21%, bleeding & apneic episode 15%, bulging fontanelle were present only in 2% of the cases. Low birth weight (LBW) was associated with 90% cases followed by pre-maturity, RDS at birth, resuscitation at birth in decreasing order of frequency. Conclusion: Neonatal septicemia is more common in preterm, LBW and male babies. Peripheral intravenous cannula, IV fluids, LBW, pre-term, respiratory distress at birth increased duration of hospital stay are significant risk factors for late onset septicemia. Increased duration of hospital stay increases risk of sepsis and vice versa.