Utilization of health service facilities for all communities in Indonesia

Background: Utilization of health services is the use of health service facilities provided either in outpatient, inpatient, home visits by health workers, or other forms of activities utilizing these health services. Health services are the rights of every person guaranteed in the 1945 Constitution to make efforts to improve the health of individuals, groups, or society as a whole. Method: This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with a secondary data analysis approach. The data used in this study were obtained from the Indonesian Health Survey (SKI), which is a source of national data on health in Indonesia. The analysis was carried out by processing the available data to provide an overview of the situation and conditions being studied. The validity of the data has been guaranteed by the SKI organizing institution, so this study relies on the accuracy of the available secondary data. Results: The utilization of health services in Indonesia shows that 27.8% of the population is still without health insurance according to data from the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey (SKI) where there are five provinces with the lowest health insurance ownership, namely in the first position is the Papua Mountains Province (55.4%) followed by Central Papua (42.7%), North Maluku (41.5%), Maluku (39.4%), and Jambi (37.0%). The results of the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey (SKI) show that access to health facilities in Indonesia is still uneven. The data shows that the percentage of the population in urban areas of Indonesia is higher who have health insurance, namely 75.9% compared to the rural population, 64.8% with a total of 71.3%. One is that more than half of households (59.6%) who receive health insurance from the state, such as Contribution Assistance Recipients (PBI) and Jamkesda, utilize health services at the Community Health Center. However, the 18-59 age group with physical limitations or disabilities showed lower utilization of health facilities, whereas as many as 50.7% of this group did not utilize health services. Overall, there is a shortage of 8,160 health workers throughout Indonesia to fill vacancies in Community Health Centers. This shortage includes 423 doctors, 2,991 dentists, 26 nurses, 49 midwives, 564 pharmacists, 1,001 Medical Laboratory Technologists (ATLM), 788 community health workers, 1,395 environmental health workers and 923 nutritionists. Access to health services abroad is also a concern, where 1 in 1,000 households in Indonesia are recorded to have utilized health services abroad, with Malaysia being the main destination. The reasons for choosing services abroad are mainly because the facilities are more complete (93.5%) and services that meet expectations (91.7%). Conclusion: The utilization of health services in Indonesia according to data from the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey (SKI) shows that 27.8% of the population is still without health insurance, where there are five provinces with the lowest health insurance ownership, namely in the first position is the Papua Mountains Province (55.4%) followed by Central Papua (42.7%), North Maluku (41.5%), Maluku (39.4%), and Jambi (37.0%). The percentage of the population in urban areas of Indonesia is greater who have health insurance, namely 75.9% compared to the rural population, namely 64.8% with a total of 71.3%. Overall, there is a shortage of 8,160 health workers throughout Indonesia to fill vacancies in the Health Center. Access to health services abroad is also a concern, where 1 in 1,000 households in Indonesia are recorded as having used health services abroad because choosing services abroad has more complete facilities (93.5%) and services that meet expectations (91.7%).