Game Theory: Concepts, Applications, and Insights from Operations Research

Game theory is a branch of complex system analysis that deals with the mathematical modeling of strategic interactions among rational agents. It has been widely used across various fields, such as economics, social sciences, computer science, and operational research. This paper provides an overview of game theory, discussing its foundational concepts, including non-cooperative and cooperative games, Nash equilibrium, and mixed strategies. The study explores extensive-form, repeated, Bayesian, and coalitional games, highlighting applications in operational research and the implications for decision-making under competition.