EPIDEMIC TYPHUS, TICK-BORNE ENCEPHALITIS DIAGNOSIS, PRINCIPLES OF EMERGENCY PROPHYLAXIS IN TETANUS.

(Synonyms: European typhus, lice rotary typhus, rotary fever, etc.) is an acute vector-borne anthropogenic disease caused by Borrelia, transmitted by lice and clinically characterized by an acute onset, fever attacks, which are separated from each other by fever-free periods. Typhoid fever was first described by Hippocrates during one of the epidemics on the island of Fasos. For a long time, this disease was confused with various febrile diseases (typhoid fever, typhus, etc.). Only in 1740 did Rutti describe the disease as a separate nosological form. In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, typhoid fever, like typhus fever, accompanied numerous wars, famines, and other natural and social disasters. Its epidemics were observed in Ireland, Scotland, France, England, Turkey, Iran, North Africa, and the Americas. Significant epidemics were also recorded in Odesa (1833), Moscow (1840), and St. Petersburg (1864). A high incidence of typhoid fever was also observed in the first half of the twentieth century[1-2]. There is evidence that between 1910 and 1945, more than 15 million people in Africa and Eastern Europe suffered from it, including more than 4 million in Russia. Currently, this disease is not registered in Ukraine. At the beginning of the twentieth century, typhoid fever was detected all over the world, with pathogens differing in their properties in different regions (B. aegyptica, B. bergeri, B. novyi, etc.).