Evaluation of Prevalence of Gastric Lesions among Patients in a Tertiary Care Center- A Retrospective Histopathological Study

Introduction: In clinical practice gastrointestinal lesions are commonly encountered by physicians. The lesions may either belong to non-neoplastic or neoplastic category. Prompt detection of the lesions help in early management of the lesions successfully. Aim: To assess the epidemiology and prevalence of spectrum of neoplastic and non-neoplastic gastric lesions using histopathology. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional, retrospective study was done for duration of 1yr in a Tertiary Care Centre from Feb 2023 to Jan 2024. 326 patients record from the Department of General Pathology along with paraffin embedded tissue blocks from resected specimens and biopsies of stomach. Results: 32% of patients were in the age range of 40-50years, the ratio of males was twice that of females (2:1). All specimens obtained in the current study were from resections, incisional and excisional biopsies. 73% were inflammatory lesions followed by 19% benign tumors and only 8% were malignant tumors. 68% of inflammatory gastric lesions occurred in the pylorus and antrum, 46% of benign gastric tumors occurred in fundus and cardia, and 71% of malignant gastric tumors occurred in pylorus and antrum. In inflammatory lesion 43% were chronic gastritis with H pylori, 78% benign gastric tumors were hyperplastic polyp and 71% of malignant gastric tumors were adenocarcinomas of which 65% were moderately differentiated adenocarcinomas. Conclusion: Histopathological evaluation still remains the gold standard used for accurate early detection of GI tract lesions especially malignant one hence it helps in their early management. Our study of gastrointestinal tract lesions throws a light on early diagnosis by histopathology beneficial for the patients.