Lethrus (Heteroplistodus) potanini Jakovlev 1889

Lethrus (Heteroplistodus) potanini Jakovlev, 1889 (Figs. 3–4, 7–8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 25–26, 28) Lethrus Potanini Jakovlev, 1889: 261 (original description); Kozlov 1923: 177 (note, distribution). Heteroplistodus Potanini: Jakovlev 1890: 565 (key, classification). Lethrus conformis Frivaldszky, 1890: 199 (original description, type locality “Inter Sou-tschou et Kan-tschou”); synonymized by Semenov (1891: 236). Lethrus (Heteroplistodus) Potanini: Semenov 1891: 236 (classification), 1894: 7 (listed); Boucomont 1912: 35 (catalogue); Winkler 1929: 1041 (catalogue); Günther 1937: 131 (distribution). Lethrus (Heteroplistodus) conformis: Semenov 1891: 236 (as syn. of L. potanini), Semenov 1894: 7 (as syn. of L. potanini); Boucomont 1912: 35 (as syn. of L. potanini); Nikolajev 2003: 75 (as syn. of L. potanini); Semenov & Medvedev 1936: 90 (as syn. of L. potanini); Nikolajev 1971: 135 (as syn. of L. potanini); Winkler 1929: 1041 (as syn. of L. potanini); Král & Nikolajev 2006: 93 (as syn. of L. potanini); Bagaturov & Nikolajev 2015: 311 (as syn. of L. potanini); Nikolajev et al. 2016: 49 (as syn. of L. potanini). Lethrus (Heteroplistodus) potanini: Nikolajev 2003: 75 (key, diagnosis, distribution, illustrations); Semenov 1934: 1396 (diagnosis); Semenov & Medvedev 1936: 90 (key, diagnosis, distribution, illustrations); Nikolajev 1971: 134 (key, diagnosis, distribution, illustrations); Nikolajev & Puntsagdulam 1984: 110 (key, diagnosis, distribution); Král & Nikolajev 2006: 93 (catalogue); Bagaturov & Nikolajev 2015: 311 (list, distribution); Nikolajev et al. 2016: 49 (catalogue); Ren et al. 2019: 156, tab. 19, fig. 3 (distribution); Schoolmeesters 2023 (online catalogue). Lethrus potanini: Raymond 1933: 14 (behaviour, distribution); Endrődi 1964: 422 (distribution); 1969: 288 (distribution); Medvedev 1972: 447 (distribution); Puntsagdulam 1974: 133 (distribution); Grebenščikov 1985: 109 (ecology, distribution); Cendsuren & Ulykpan 1989: 78 (distribution, ecology); Wang et al. 1992: 76 (distribution); Anonymous 2005: 68 (distribution, habitat, conservation aspects); Ren 2010: 156 (distribution); Wang & Yang 2010: 175, tab. 15, fig. 183 (distribution); Yang et al. 2011: 144 (distribution); Krajcik 2012: 142 (catalogue); Bezborodov 2018: 531 (distribution). Type locality. “ China et Mongolia ”. Type material examined (8 specimens). Lethrus potanini. Lectotype (Nikolajev 1971: 135), ♂ (Fig. 26): “[round label, blue-blackish] || Mong. Centr. | 1886 | G. Patanin. [p] || Heteroplistodes | typ. potanini Jak. | B. Jakowlew det. [hw, p] || к. В. Яковлева [p] || Cotypus [p, red label] || 1 [hw] [p]”, (ZMAS). Paralectotypes, “[round label, blue-blackish] || Mong. Centr. | 1886 | G. Patanin. [p] || Heteroplistodes | typ. potanini Jak. | B. Jakowlew det. [hw, p] || к. В. Яковлева [p] || Cotypus [p, red label] || 1 [hw] [p]”, 2 ♂♂ 1 ♀ (ZMAS). Lethrus conformis. Lectotype (here designated), ♂ “Inter Szu-csou | et Kan-csou-fu. || VI Exp. Szécheny [p, hw] || Lethrus | conformis Friv. [hw] || Holotypus 1889 | Lethrus | conformis | J. Frivaldszky [p, hw] || Syntypus Lethrus | conformis Friv. | 1.09.1973 Nikolajev [p, hw] [p] (HNHM)”. Paralectotypes, ♂ (Fig. 25): “Inter Szu-csou | et Kan-csou-fu. || VI Exp. Szécheny [p, hw] || Paratypus 1889 | Lethrus | conformis Friv. [p, hw] [p] (HNHM); Paralectotype, ♂, “Inter Szu-csou | et Kan-csou-fu. || VI Exp. Szécheny [p, hw] || Paratypus 1889 | Lethrus | conformis Friv. [p, hw] || Syntypus Lethrus | conformis Friv. | 1.09.1973 Nikolajev [p, hw] || L. potanini | Jak. [hw], [p]”, (HNHM); ♀, “Inter Szu-csou | et Kan-csou-fu. || VI Exp. Szécheny [p, hw] || Paratypus 1889 | Lethrus | conformis Friv. [p, hw] || Syntypus Lethrus | conformis Friv. | 1.09.1973 Nikolajev [p, hw] || L. potanini | Jak. [hw] [p]”, (HNHM). Additional material examined (164 specimens). China, Gansu: 1 ♂, ex. coll. O. Hillert (ZSMC), “China, Prov. Kansu., Tscholo Shan ” [not mapped]; 5 spec. (HBUM), Gansu, Zhangye, Shandan, 12.v.2011, Jia & Li lgt. China, Inner Mongolia: 1 ♂ (ZMAS), S. Alashan, col. Bain-Khuduk, 2.– 4.vi. [19]09, ex. of Kozlov; 2 ♂♂ (ZMAS), Alashan desert, beginning of x.–xi. [19]01, Kozlov and Kazakov; 2 spec. (HBUM), Alashanyouqi, 21.vii.1988, Ren lgt.; 1 ♀, ex. coll. O. Hillert (ZSMC), 15 km SW Bayan Hot, 1400 m, 38°44'N 105°36'E, 1.vii.2011, S. Murzin lgt.; 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, ex. coll. O. Hillert (ZSMC), 7–10 km W Bayan Hot, 1600 m, 38°48'N 105°31'E, 3.vii.2011, S. Murzin lgt.; 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀ (NMPC), E of Bayan Hot [= Alxa], 38°51'N 105°47'E, 1700-2000m, 24.–25.vi. 2012, David Král lgt.; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, ex. coll. O. Hillert (ZSMC), E Bayan Hot, 1780 m, 38°48'N 105°44'E, 29.vi. –11.vii.2011, S. Murzin lg.; 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (JSCP), E Bayan Hot, 38.805N 105.748E, 29.vi.–11.vii.2011, S. Murzin lgt.; 1 ♀, ex. coll. O. Hillert (ZSMC), E Bayan Hot, 1700-1780 m, 39°02'N 105°53'E, 2.vii.2011, S. Murzin lgt.; 3 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, ex. coll. O. Hillert (ZSMC), 1 ♀ (JSCS), E Bayan Hot, 1750–1800 m, 38°50'N 105°46'E, 3–6.viii.2011, T. Zhura lgt.; 1 spec. (HBUM), Dengkou, 27.vii.1988, Ren lgt.; 1 spec. (HBUM), Tangsag Bulag, 8.vii.1988, Ren lgt.; 1 ♀, ex. coll. O. Hillert (ZSMC), Gobi desert, 10 km SW Wuhai, Wuda. 8.v.1995, J. Halada lgt.; 2 spec. (HBUM), Wulatehouqi, 20.vii.2020, Zhang lgt. China, Ningxia: 1 spec. (HBUM), Zhongning, Baima, 3.iv.2016, Ren lgt.; 1 spec. (HBUM), Zhongwei, Gantang, 6.v.1992, Yu lgt.; 2 spec. (HBUM), Haiyuan, 30.v.1995, Ren lgt.; 1 spec. (HBUM), Lingwu, 19.v.1992, Ren lgt.; 1 spec. (HBUM), Pingluo, 5.viii.1989, Ren lgt.; 1 spec. (HBUM), Pingluo, 5.viii.1989, Ren lgt.; 2 ♂♂ (NMPC), Yongning Xian, 12.vii.1997, H. Makihara lgt.; 2 spec. (HBUM), Zhongwei, iv.1985, Ren lgt.; 5 ♂♂, 7 ♀♀ (NMPC), Xixia, Western Xia Tombs env. 38°26'20"N 105°58'32"E, 1400 m, 19.vi.2012, David Král lgt.; 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, ex. coll. O. Hillert (ZSMC), Helan Shan, road to Suyukou National Forest Park, 28 km WNW Yinchuan, 38°37'46"N 105°57'05"E, 1404 m, 19.vi.2011, semi steppe, under stones, D. W. Wrase lgt. Not located: 1 ♂ (ZMAS), “ China sept.”. Mongolia, Bulgan: 1 ♀ (ZMAS), Bulgan somon, 4.ix.1970, Puntsagdulam lgt.; 1 ♂ (ZMAS), Omnogov’, Bulgan env., 16.iv.1972, Puntsagdulam lgt.; 1 ♂ (ZMAS), S. Gobi aimak, 30 km N of Bulgan, 25.vii.1973, G. Medvedev. Mongolia, Dornogovi: 1 ♂ (MBCP), Eastern Gobi aimak, Agarut env., Emelyanov lgt., 27.vi. [1]971; 2 ♂♂ (ZMAS), Eastern Gobi aimak, 15 km N of Agarut, Emelyanov lgt., 28.vi.1971; 1 ♀ (ELIB), 5 km N Agaruta, 28.vi.1971, B. Namkhaidorj, D. Myagmarsuren lgt.; 2 ♂♂ (MBCP), Eastern Gobi aimak, Bayanshire plateau, S. Sain-Shand, Eglon lgt., 24-25.vii.1949; 1 ♀ (ELIB), Dalanjargalan, 28.vii.2016, Jigmedmaa lgt.; 1 ♀ (ELIB), Hubsgula, 25 km NNW Hubsgula, 29.vi.1971, B. Namkhaidorj, D. Myagmarsuren lgt.; 1 ♀ (ELIB), Kharayra 50 km SO Kharayra, 12.vi.1971, B. Namkhaidorj, D. Myagmarsuren lgt.; 1 ♂, ex. coll. O. Hillert (ZSMC), East-Gobi Aimak, 1120 m, 7 km SW Khatan-Bulak, 43°07'N 109°03'E, 8.–9.viii. 2002, M. Danilevsky lgt.; 11 spec. (HBUM), Donggebi, Khatanbulag, 15.vii.2015, Sun lgt.; 1 ♀ (VTCZ), East-Gobi Aimak, 7 km SW Khatan-Bulak, 43°07'N 109°03'E, 1120 m, M. Danilevsky lgt.; 1 ♂ (ZMAS), Eastern Gobi aimak, 25 km NNW Khuvsgel, 21.vi.1971, lgt. B. Namkhai, D. Mjagmar; 1 ♀ (ELIB), Mandakh 12 km NO Mandakh, 15.vi.1971, B. Namkhaidorj, D. Myagmarsuren lgt.; 1 ♂ (MBCP), Mongolia, S. Gobi aimak, 60 km ENE of Manlai, 15.vi.1971, G. Medvedev lgt.; 3 ♀♀ (ZMAS), same data but Emelyanov lgt., 1 ♂ (ZMAS), same data but 17.vi. [1]971, Kozlov lgt.; 7 ♂♂, 1 ♀ (JSCP), Dornogovi pr., 100 km S of Saynshand, Burdene Bulag mts., 1000 m, 14.–16.vii.2001, J. Schneider lgt. 2 ♀♀ (ELIB), 5 km NW Tengar Nura, 25.vi.1971, B. Namkhaidorj, D. Myagmarsuren lgt.; 1 ♀ (ELIB), Zuun bayan Argalant, 80 km SSO Zuun Bayan, 24.vi.1963, Kaszab lgt. Mongolia, Ömnögovi: 1 ♀ (ELIB), 20 km NO Aguit-Uly 24.vi.1971, B. Namkhaidorj, D. Myagmarsuren lgt.; 1 ♀ (ELIB), Bulgan, Bayanzag, 21.vi.1971, J. Puntsagdulam lgt.; 1 ♀ (ELIB), Bulgan, 12.v.1962, Mongol-Germany joint expedition; 1 ♂ (ELIB), Bulgan, 26.v.1962, Mongol-Germany joint expedition; 1 ♀ (ELIB), Bulgan, 24.vi.1971, J. Puntsagdulam lgt.; 1 ♀ (ELIB), Bulgan, 31.vii.1971, J. Puntsagdulam lgt.; 1 ♀ (ELIB), Bulgan, 08.viii.1971, J. Puntsagdulam lgt.; 1 ♂ (ELIB), Bulgan, 24.vii.1971, J. Puntsagdulam lgt.; 2 ♀♀ (NMPC), Gobi, 100 km E Dalanzadgad, vi.1986, Pauliš lgt.; 1 ♂ (VTCZ), Gobi, 100 km SW Dalanzadgad, Bayan-Dalai, 1.–2.vii.2003, Saxaulus desert, J. Halada lgt.; 1 ♂ (ZMAS), S. Gobi aimak, Khongorin-els, 60 km WNW Bann-Dalay, 30.–31.vii. [1]976, Zaitsev lgt.; 1 ♀ (ZMAS), Omnogov’ aimak, env. of Khurmek [not mapped], 15.v.1962, A. Tsendsuren lgt.; 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (ELIB), Manlai, 24.viii.2011, Gantigmaa lgt.; 1 ♀ (ELIB), Manlay, 60 km ONO Manlay, 15.vi.1971, B. Namkhaidorj, D. Myagmarsuren lgt.; 1 ♂ (ELIB), Manlay, 45 km ONO Manlay, 15.vii.1971, B. Namkhaidorj, D. Myagmarsuren lgt.; 1 ♂ (JSCP), Mušugaj; 1 ♀ (ZMAS), Mongolia, 55 km SSW of Nomgon, 9.viii. [19]67, Kerzhner lgt.; 1 ♀ (ZMAS), Birzon-Gobi, 50 km S Nomgon, 9.viii. [1]967, Zaitsev lgt.; 1 ♂ (ZMAS), S. Gobi aimak, 60 km E of brook Talin-Bilgekh-Bulak, Zaitsev lgt., 19.viii. [1]1969. Mongolia, Öwörchangai: 1 ♂ (MBCP), Omno-gov’ aimak, env. of Bajan-Dalai, 15.vi.1967, lgt. A. Tsendsuren; 1 ♀ (ELIB), Hanbogd Bayan brigade, Sookheni sand, 20.vii.1974, N. City; 1 ♂ (ZMAS), Eastern Gobi aimak, 20 km ENE kol. [?] Tal-Khongorin-Khuduk, Emelyanov lgt. 2.vii. [1]971; 1 ♂ (ELIB), Bulgan, Ulaan Nuur, 07.ix.1971, J. Puntsagdulam lgt.; 1 ♂ (ZMAS), S. Gobi aimak, Mount. Tzagan-Ula, Nemegetu valley, Eglon lgt., 6. –18.viii.1949; 1 ♀ (ZMAS), Uvurkhangai [= Öwörchangai], Artz-Bogd [not located], 18.vi.1962, lgt. A. Tsegdouren; 1 ♂ (ELIB), Mongol-Germany joint expedition, 26.v.1962. Mongolia, Töv: 1 ♂ (NMPC), 150 km SW of Ulanbatar, river Tula, vi.1983, J. Fuchs lgt. [not mapped]. Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar: 1 ♂ (NMPC), 30 km E of Ulanbatar, sands, vi.1986, P. Marzin lgt. Not located: 1 ♂, 4 ♀♀ (ZMAS), Budurganin-khuduk, 24.–28.v. [19]09, ex. of Kozlov; 2 ♂♂ (ZMAS)