Review on Recent Advances in Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems

Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) offer a novel method for administering therapeutic agents through the skin to achieve systemic effects. These systems are engineered to deliver medications at controlled rates across the dermal barrier, providing an alternative to traditional oral or injectable methods. The primary benefits of TDDS include the elimination of first-pass metabolism, improved patient adherence due to their user-friendly nature, and the capacity to sustain stable drug levels in the bloodstream. This review highlights the essential elements of TDDS, such as drug formulation, penetration enhancers, and the significance of skin barriers. It also examines various transdermal devices, including patches, gels, and iontophoresis systems. Despite the many advantages, challenges persist regarding the skin penetration of larger or hydrophilic molecules. The future of TDDS appears promising with the emergence of advanced technologies like microneedles and nanocarriers, which improve drug delivery efficacy. The paper concludes by assessing the current clinical applications of TDDS, including pain management, hormone replacement therapy, and smoking cessation, while also considering future developments in this delivery method.