Exploring AO and Its Plating Systems: A Comprehensive Narrative Review

Introduction: Maxillofacial injuries, found in 5-33% of severe trauma cases, commonly result in mandibular fractures, especially in the symphysis/parasymphysis region (31.97%), surpassing zygoma fractures (25.3%). Treatment options include open or closed reduction, and the AO/ASIF, established in 1958 by Swiss surgeons, aimed to enhance skeletal fracture outcomes through internal fixation. Methods: English language articles were searched in various databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. The keywords used for searching are “AO Plating System”, “Maxillomandibular fixation”, and “Recent Advancements.” Results: The AO/ASIF's impact on maxillofacial surgery is evident through its emphasis on internal fixation since 1958, evolving the AO Plating system with innovations like LC-DCP and LCP. Stability is achieved with craniofacial system miniplates and self-tapping screws, while technological advancements like computer-based navigation, 3D printing, robotics, biodegradable metals, and artificial intelligence have transformed the field. Conclusion: The present review delves into the influence of the AO Foundation on maxillofacial surgery, highlighting advancements such as LC-DCP and LCP plates that underscore a dedication to stable fixation and blood supply preservation. Innovations like the Limited Contact Dynamic Compression Plate (LC-DCP) and the Locking Compression Plate (LCP) have emphasized the delicate balance between rigid fixation and blood supply preservation. The incorporation of advanced technologies, including computer-based surgical navigation, 3D printing, robotic surgery, and the emergence of biodegradable metals like magnesium, signals a transformative phase in osteofixation options.